1,264 research outputs found
Properties of Flares-Generated Seismic Waves on the Sun
The solar seismic waves excited by solar flares (``sunquakes'') are observed
as circular expanding waves on the Sun's surface. The first sunquake was
observed for a flare of July 9, 1996, from the Solar and Heliospheric
Observatory (SOHO) space mission. However, when the new solar cycle started in
1997, the observations of solar flares from SOHO did not show the seismic
waves, similar to the 1996 event, even for large X-class flares during the
solar maximum in 2000-2002. The first evidence of the seismic flare signal in
this solar cycle was obtained for the 2003 ``Halloween'' events, through
acoustic ``egression power'' by Donea and Lindsey. After these several other
strong sunquakes have been observed. Here, I present a detailed analysis of the
basic properties of the helioseismic waves generated by three solar flares in
2003-2005. For two of these flares, X17 flare of October 28, 2003, and X1.2
flare of January 15, 2005, the helioseismology observations are compared with
simultaneous observations of flare X-ray fluxes measured from the RHESSI
satellite. These observations show a close association between the flare
seismic waves and the hard X-ray source, indicating that high-energy electrons
accelerated during the flare impulsive phase produced strong compression waves
in the photosphere, causing the sunquake. The results also reveal new physical
properties such as strong anisotropy of the seismic waves, the amplitude of
which varies significantly with the direction of propagation. The waves travel
through surrounding sunspot regions to large distances, up to 120 Mm, without
significant decay. These observations open new perspectives for helioseismic
diagnostics of flaring active regions on the Sun and for understanding the
mechanisms of the energy release and transport in solar flares.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Ap
Scaling properties in off equilibrium dynamical processes
In the present paper, we analyze the consequences of scaling hypotheses on
dynamic functions, as two times correlations . We show, under general
conditions, that must obey the following scaling behavior , where the scaling variable is
and , two
undetermined functions. The presence of a non constant exponent
signals the appearance of multiscaling properties in the dynamics.Comment: 6 pages, no figure
Aging and memory effects in beta-hydrochinone-clathrate
The out-of-equilibrium low-frequency complex susceptibility of the
orientational glass methanol(73%)-beta-hydrochinone-clathrate is studied using
temperature-stop protocols in aging experiments . Although the material does
not have a sharp glass transition aging effects including rejuvenation and
memory are found at low temperatures. However, they turn out to be much weaker,
however, than in conventional magnetic spin glasses.Comment: 5 pages RevTeX, 6 eps-figures include
Critical behavior of hard-core lattice gases: Wang-Landau sampling with adaptive windows
Critical properties of lattice gases with nearest-neighbor exclusion are
investigated via the adaptive-window Wang-Landau algorithm on the square and
simple cubic lattices, for which the model is known to exhibit an Ising-like
phase transition. We study the particle density, order parameter,
compressibility, Binder cumulant and susceptibility. Our results show that it
is possible to estimate critical exponents using Wang-Landau sampling with
adaptive windows. Finite-size-scaling analysis leads to results in fair
agreement with exact values (in two dimensions) and numerical estimates (in
three dimensions).Comment: 20 pages, 11 figure
Ring exchange, the Bose metal, and bosonization in two dimensions
Motivated by the high-T_c cuprates, we consider a model of bosonic Cooper
pairs moving on a square lattice via ring exchange. We show that this model
offers a natural middle ground between a conventional antiferromagnetic Mott
insulator and the fully deconfined fractionalized phase which underlies the
spin-charge separation scenario for high-T_c superconductivity. We show that
such ring models sustain a stable critical phase in two dimensions, the *Bose
metal*. The Bose metal is a compressible state, with gapless but uncondensed
boson and ``vortex'' excitations, power-law superconducting and charge-ordering
correlations, and broad spectral functions. We characterize the Bose metal with
the aid of an exact plaquette duality transformation, which motivates a
universal low energy description of the Bose metal. This description is in
terms of a pair of dual bosonic phase fields, and is a direct analog of the
well-known one-dimensional bosonization approach. We verify the validity of the
low energy description by numerical simulations of the ring model in its exact
dual form. The relevance to the high-T_c superconductors and a variety of
extensions to other systems are discussed, including the bosonization of a two
dimensional fermionic ring model
Synthesis and characterization of fluorogenic peptide substrate of HIV-1 protease based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer
Synthesis of fluorogenic peptide substrate of HIV-I protease Dns-SQNYPIVWL which corresponds to the p17/p24 cleavage site for HIV-l protease have been performed. This fluorogenic substrate was based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer between donor – Trp residue, and acceptor – dansyl group in the intact peptide. Hydrolysis of substrate by recombinant HIV-I protease resulted in the time-dependent increase of Trp fluorescence and decrease of dansyl fluorescence measured at 350 and 500 nm, respectively, due to the break of resonance energy transfer between donor and acceptor fluorophors. Hydrolysis of fluorogenic peptide substrate was studied also by reversed phase HPLC and two peptide fragments after cleavage of substrate have been detected. Kinetic constants of hydrolysis for this fluorogenic peptide substrate by HIV-I protease were calculated from Lineweaver – Burk plots: KM - 29mkM, kcat =5.4 s⁻¹ and kcat / KM -180000 M⁻¹s⁻¹.Проведено хімічний синтез флюорогенного пептидного субстрату ВІЛ-1 протеази, що має структуру Dns-SQNYPIVWL і відповідає сайту розщеплення р17/р24 у gag-поліпротеіні вірусу імунодефіциту людини.Принцип використання даного субстрату базується на резонансному переносі енергії збудження між донором – залишком Trp і акцептором – дансильною групою. Встановлено, що гідроліз флюорогенного пептидного субстрату рекомбінантною ВІЛ-1 протеазою призводить до падіння інтенсивності флюоресценції дансильної групи і одночасного зростання триптофанової флюоресценції внаслідок порушення резонансного переносу енергії між донором і акцептором. За допомогою високоефективної рідинної хроматографії в оберненій фазі зафіксовано появу пептидів, які є продуктами гідролізу субстрату. Визначено кінетичні параметри гідролізу флюорогенного пептидного субстрату ВІЛ-1 протеазою: КМ – 29 мкМ, kcat– 5,4 с⁻¹ та kcat/KM – 180 000 M⁻¹c⁻¹.Проведен химический синтез флюорогенного пептидной субстрата ВИЧ -1 протеазы , имеющей структуру Dns – SQNYPIVWL и соответсвует сайтурасщепления р17/р24 в gag – полипротеини вируса иммунодефицита людини. Принцип использования данного субстрата базируется на резонансном переносе энергии возбуждения между донором - остатком Trp и акцептором – дансильною группой. Установлено, что гидролиз флюорогенного пептидной субстрата рекомбинантной ВИЧ -1 протеазой приводит к падению интенсивности флюоресценции дансильнои группы и одновременного роста триптофановой флюоресценции вследствие нарушения резонансного переноса энергии между донором и акцептором. С помощью высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии в обратной фазе зафиксировано появление пептидов, которые являются продуктами гидролиза субстрата. Определены кинетические параметры гидролиза флюорогенного пептидной субстрата ВИЧ -1 протеазой : КМ – 29 мкм , kcat - 5,4 с ⁻¹ и kcat / KM – 180 000 M⁻¹c ⁻¹
Magneto--Acoustic Energetics Study of the Seismically Active Flare of 15 February 2011
Multi--wavelength studies of energetic solar flares with seismic emissions
have revealed interesting common features between them. We studied the first
GOES X--class flare of the 24th solar cycle, as detected by the Solar Dynamics
Observatory (SDO). For context, seismic activity from this flare
(SOL2011-02-15T01:55-X2.2, in NOAA AR 11158) has been reported in the
literature (Kosovichev, 2011; Zharkov et al., 2011). Based on Dopplergram data
from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), we applied standard methods of
local helioseismology in order to identify the seismic sources in this event.
RHESSI hard X-ray data are used to check the correlation between the location
of the seismic sources and the particle precipitation sites in during the
flare. Using HMI magnetogram data, the temporal profile of fluctuations in the
photospheric line-of-sight magnetic field is used to estimate the magnetic
field change in the region where the seismic signal was observed. This leads to
an estimate of the work done by the Lorentz-force transient on the photosphere
of the source region. In this instance this is found to be a significant
fraction of the acoustic energy in the attendant seismic emission, suggesting
that Lorentz forces can contribute significantly to the generation of
sunquakes. However, there are regions in which the signature of the
Lorentz-force is much stronger, but from which no significant acoustic emission
emanates.Comment: Submitted to Solar Physic
On the existence of a Bose Metal at T=0
This paper aims to justify, at a microscopic level, the existence of a
two-dimensional Bose metal, i.e. a metallic phase made out of Cooper pairs at
T=0. To this end, we consider the physics of quantum phase fluctuations in
(granular) superconductors in the absence of disorder and emphasise the role of
two order parameters in the problem, viz. phase order and charge order. We
focus on the 2-d Bose Hubbard model in the limit of very large fillings, i.e. a
2-d array of Josephson junctions. We find that the algebra of phase
fluctuations is that of the Euclidean group in this limit, and show
that the model is equivalent to two coupled XY models in (2+1)-d, one
corresponding to the phase degrees of freedom, and the other the charge degrees
of freedom. The Bose metal, then, is the phase in which both these degrees of
freedom are disordered(as a result of quantum frustration). We analyse the
model in terms of its topological excitations and suggest that there is a
strong indication that this state represents a surface of critical points, akin
to the gapless spin liquid states. We find a remarkable consistency of this
scenario with certain low-T_c thin film experiments.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure
Detecting fractions of electrons in the high- cuprates
We propose several tests of the idea that the electron is fractionalized in
the underdoped and undoped cuprates. These include the ac Josephson effect, and
tunneling into small superconducting grains in the Coulomb blockade regime. In
both cases, we argue that the results are qualitatively modified from the
conventional ones if the insulating tunnel barrier is fractionalized. These
experiments directly detect the possible existence of the chargon - a charge
spinless boson - in the insulator. The effects described in this paper
provide a means to probing whether the undoped cuprate (despite it's magnetism)
is fractionalized. Thus, the experiments discussed here are complementary to
the flux-trapping experiment we proposed in our earlier work(cond-mat/0006481).Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Ultratunable Quantum Frequency Conversion in Photonic Crystal Fiber
Quantum frequency conversion of single photons between wavelength bands is a key enabler to realizing widespread quantum networks. We demonstrate the quantum frequency conversion of a heralded 1551 nm photon to any wavelength within an ultrabroad (1226-1408 nm) range in a group-velocity-symmetric photonic crystal fiber, covering over 150 independent frequency bins. The target wavelength is controlled by tuning only a single pump laser wavelength. We find internal, and total, conversion efficiencies of 12(1)% and 1.4(2)%, respectively. For the case of converting 1551 to 1300 nm we measure a heralded g(2)(0)=0.25(6) for converted light from an input with g(2)(0)=0.034(8). We expect that this photonic crystal fiber can be used for myriad quantum networking tasks.</p
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