Early detection of cobweb disease infection on Agaricus bisporus sporocarps using hyperspectral imaging

From the nineteen-nineties, cobweb disease caused serious losses for the mushroom sector in Europe, in the USA, and in Australia (Fletcher & Gaze, 2008), so it is one of the most notable fungal infections of cultivated white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). The aim of this study was to identify cobweb disease (Cladobortyum dendroides) caused cap spotting and brownish rot on the mushroom sporocarp, and to find a proper discrimination method in the case of this infection.Fruiting body samples were divided into 4 groups, a control one and three others treated with different chemicals that are tested against fungal infections. The groups were subdivided into 2 portions and the first was infected with cobweb disease. Images of the caps were recorded and their hyperspectral images were acquired in the wavelength range of 900–1700 nm.On the hyperspectral images infected and healthy areas were selected, on these average spectra differences were found around the known water peaks (1200 and 1450 nm). The spatial distribution of the water content can be used for the detection of the spoilage, because the infected areas showed different reflection values at these water absorption peaks.Support Vector Machine method was applied successfully to discriminate between the infected and control groups and Monte Carlo cross-validation was carried out

Detecting moisture loss of carrot samples during storage by hyperspectral imaging system

Moisture-content is one of the most significant properties to determine quality of carrot during storage. The optical measurement methods of moisture content promise non-destructive, non-contact and fast solution for quality control, for monitoring quality changes during storage and also for real-time classification tasks.The high absorption coefficient of water makes NIR analysers a commonly used tool for accurate moisture analysis. Hyperspectral system is able to detect the spatial distribution of reflectance spectrum as well. In case of finding correlation between the moisture-content of carrot and the reflectance spectral data, a hyperspectral system would be suitable for testing quality.Experiments were made to investigate spectral changes of different cultivars and different tissues of carrot stored under different conditions. Moisture-decrease of pieces and also the spectral data of carrot slices were recorded. Statistical analysis of the data has shown the optimal intensity function to describe moisture-content. Eliminating homogeneous spectral changes caused by destructed tissues, only a narrow interval of NIR range was sensitive to the moisture-decrease of xylem tissues.The equipment and the measurement procedure were able to identify carrot tissues and detect their changes during drying. For non-destructive applications of the system, further experiments are needed to inspect the behaviour of rhizodermis

Image processing based method for characterization of the fat/meat ratio and fat distribution of pork and beef samples

The fat content (fat distribution) of the pork and beef raw material is one of their most important quality characteristics. Image processing methods were applied to provide with quantitative parameters related to these properties. Different hardware tools were tested to select the appropriate imaging alternative. Statistical analysis of the RGB data was performed in order to find appropriate classification function for segmentation. Discriminant analysis of the RGB data of selected image regions (fat-meat-background) resulted in a good segmentation of the fat regions. Classification function was applied on the RGB images of the samples, to identify and measure the regions in question. The fat-meat ratio and textural parameters (entropy, contrast, etc.) were determined. Comparison of the image parameters with the sensory evaluation results showed an encouraging correlation

Identifying Nutrition Sensitive Spectral Changes in Various Winter Wheat Samples

The hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy is a promising future tool in the field of optical remote sensing and it creates new perspective for modern information management in site specific agricultural production. One can determine quantitative relationships between the environmental and physiological parameters of vegetation cover and the soil quality parameters as well as the features of the reflectance spectra by the newgeneration data monitoring and sampling method. These reflectance spectra have characteristics of the different crops and provide with the possibility of accurate classification and detection. The objective was to present the technological capabilities of hyperspectral imaging and show some exprimental results of nutrient sensitive changes in the winter wheat spectra. There were found two characteristic wavelength ranges: the 500 to 800 nm for wheat kernel samples and the 1650 nm to 1800 nm for wheat ear samples where fertilizer treatments showed definite trend on the basis of the normalized reflectance spectra