8 research outputs found
Paleobiology of titanosaurs: reproduction, development, histology, pneumaticity, locomotion and neuroanatomy from the South American fossil record
Fil: GarcĂa, Rodolfo A.. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en PaleobiologĂa y GeologĂa. Museo Provincial Carlos Ameghino. Cipolletti; ArgentinaFil: Salgado, Leonardo. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en PaleobiologĂa y GeologĂa. General Roca. RĂo Negro; ArgentinaFil: FernĂĄndez, Mariela. Inibioma-Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Bariloche. RĂo Negro; ArgentinaFil: Cerda, Ignacio A.. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en PaleobiologĂa y GeologĂa. Museo Provincial Carlos Ameghino. Cipolletti; ArgentinaFil: Carabajal, Ariana Paulina. Museo Carmen Funes. Plaza Huincul. NeuquĂ©n; ArgentinaFil: Otero, Alejandro. Museo de La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Coria, Rodolfo A.. Instituto de PaleobiologĂa y GeologĂa. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Negro. NeuquĂ©n; ArgentinaFil: Fiorelli, Lucas E.. Centro Regional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica. Anillaco. La Rioja; Argentin
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and lowâmiddle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of âsingle-useâ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for lowâmiddle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both highâ and lowâmiddleâincome countries
Life and reproduction of titanosaurians: Isotopic hallmark of mid-palaeolatitude eggshells and its significance for body temperature, diet, and nesting
Eggshells represent an important part of the fossil record of Titanosauria (Dinosauria â Neosauropoda) and their stable isotope compositions are valuable palaeoenvironmental proxies. A new set of conventional (ÎŽ18O and ÎŽ13C) and clumped (Î47) stable isotope compositions of titanosaurian eggshells is presented, together with that of a bone and a single associated tooth, sampled in three Late Cretaceous nesting sites from La Rioja Province, NW Argentina. The preservation state of the fossils was first evaluated using optical and analytical techniques, such as transmitted light and optical cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The isotopic compositions of the fossils were then compared to those of associated carbonate rocks and nodules, hydrothermal calcite and quartz, and those reported for eggshells from other nesting sites worldwide. This large, combined sample set allows us to define an isotopic hallmark (ÎŽ13CVPDB = â 15 to â 11â°; ÎŽ18OVSMOW = 27 to 33â°) typical for wellpreserved mid-palaeolatitude titanosaurian eggshells. This hallmark is intended to identify the oological specimens best suited for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, for instance in museum collection samples that may lack associated abiogenic materials such as host rocks. In addition, our isotopic data support that titanosaurians were animals with an elevated body temperature, mainly feeding on C3 plants, and reproducing under conditions more arid than the long-term average. The data are in excellent agreement with the isotopic data reported from other mid-palaeolatitude nesting sites around the world, indicating that titanosaurians needed similar environmental conditions to reproduce, regardless of the palaeogeographic location of their habitat. Finally, we raise the question whether titanosaurians experienced reproduction-related fasting, as noted for several extant vertebrates, and discuss the complexity of interpreting Î47-derived temperatures, despite very consistent bulk isotopic data.Fil: Leuzinger, LĂ©a Sylvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica de La Rioja. - SecretarĂa de Industria y MinerĂa. Servicio GeolĂłgico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica de La Rioja. - Provincia de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica de La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Bernasconi, Stefano Michele. Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule ZĂŒrich; SuizaFil: Vennemann, Torsten Walter. Universite de Lausanne; SuizaFil: Luz, Zoneibe. Universite de Lausanne; SuizaFil: Vonlanthen, Pierre. Universite de Lausanne; SuizaFil: Ulianov, Alexey. Universite de Lausanne; SuizaFil: Baumgartner Mora, Claudia. Universite de Lausanne; SuizaFil: Hechenleitner, Esteban MartĂn. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica de La Rioja. - SecretarĂa de Industria y MinerĂa. Servicio GeolĂłgico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica de La Rioja. - Provincia de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica de La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Fiorelli, Lucas Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica de La Rioja. - SecretarĂa de Industria y MinerĂa. Servicio GeolĂłgico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica de La Rioja. - Provincia de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica de La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Alasino, Pablo Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Rioja; Argentin
PaleobiologĂa de Titanosaurios de SudamĂ©rica: reproducciĂłn, desarrollo, histologĂa, neumaticidad, locomociĂłn y neuroanatomĂa
Much of the current paleobiological knowledge on titanosaur sauropods was attained in just the last fifteen years, in particular that related to reproductive and developmental biology. Recent years have also seen progress on other poorly explored topics, such as pneumaticity, muscle architecture and locomotion, and endocast reconstruction and associated structures. Some titanosaurs laid numerous, relatively small Megaloolithidae eggs (with diameters ranging from 12 to 14 cm) in nests dug In the ground and, as known from the South American records, probably eggs of the multispherulitic morphotype. During ontogeny, certain titanosaurs displayed some variations in cranial morphology, some of them likely associated with the differing feeding habits between hatchlings and adults. The bone tissue of some adult titanosaurs was rapidly and cyclically deposited and shows a greater degree of remodeling than in other sauropods. Saltasaurines in particular show evidence of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in both axial and appendicular skeleton, providing clues about soft tissue anatomy and the structure of the respiratory system. Titanosaurs, like all sauropods, were characterized by being fully quadrupedal, although some appendicular features and putative trackways indicate that their stance was not as columnar as in other sauropods. These anatomical peculiarities are significantly developed In saltasaurines, a derived group of titanosaurs. Compared with other sauropods, some titanosaurs seem to have had very poor olfaction but would have been capable of capturing sounds In a relatively wide range of high frequencies, although not to the extent of living birds.El conocimiento paleobiolĂłgico de los saurĂłpodos titanosaurios, particularmente su reproducciĂłn y biologĂa del desarrollo, fue alcanzado reciĂ©n en los Ășltimos quince años. En estos Ășltimos años tambiĂ©n se ha avanzado en temas poco explorados hasta el momento, como la neumatizaciĂłn, su arquitectura muscular y locomociĂłn y la reconstrucciĂłn de partes blandas como el cerebro y estructuras asociadas. Algunos titanosaurios depositan sus numerosos y pequeños huevos megaloolitidos en nidos excavados sobre el suelo. Durante la ontogenia ciertos titanosaurios exponen algunas variaciones en su morfologĂa craneana, algunas de estas probablemente asociadas con las diferentes maneras de alimentarse que tendrĂan los juveniles y los adultos. El tejido Ăłseo de algunos titanosaurios adultos se habrĂa depositado rĂĄpido y cĂclicamente, exponiendo una mayor remodelaciĂłn que en otros saurĂłpodos. Los titanosaurios, particularmente los saltasaurinos, exponen una neumaticidad postcraneal en el esqueleto axial y apendicular, este carĂĄcter permite Inferir la anatomĂa de sus tejidos blandos y de su sistema respiratorio. Los titanosaurios, como todos los saurĂłpodos, estaban caracterizados por ser cuadrĂșpedos, aunque algunos caracteres apendiculares y las huellas indican que su postura no habrĂa sido tan columnar como en otros saurĂłpodos. Aquellas peculiaridades anatĂłmicas estĂĄn notoriamente desarrolladas en los saltasaurinos, un grupo de titanosaurios derivados. Comparado con otros saurĂłpodos, algunos titanosaurios parecen haber tenido un pobre sentido del olfato, sin embargo estos habrĂan tenido la capacidad de captar sonidos de alta frecuencia en un rango relativamente amplio, aunque no tanto como las aves actuales.Fil: Garcia, Rodolfo Andres. Provincia de RĂo Negro. Museo Provincial âCarlos Ameghinoâ. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en PaleobiologĂa y GeologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Salgado, Leonardo. Provincia de RĂo Negro. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en PaleobiologĂa y GeologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: FernĂĄndez, Mariela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Cerda, Ignacio Alejandro. Provincia de RĂo Negro. Museo Provincial âCarlos Ameghinoâ. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en PaleobiologĂa y GeologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Paulina Carabajal, Ariana. Provincia del Neuquen. Municipalidad de Plaza Huincul. Museo "Carmen Funes"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Otero, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Departamento CientĂfico de PaleontologĂa de Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Coria, Rodolfo Anibal. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Alto Valle. Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiologia y Geologia; Argentina. Provincia del Neuquen. Municipalidad de Plaza Huincul. Museo "Carmen Funes"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fiorelli, Lucas Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Transferencia TecnolĂłgica de Anillaco; Argentin