Ordinal Comparison of Multidimensional Deprivation: theory and application

This paper develops an ordinal method of comparison of multidimensional inequality. In our model, population distribution g is more unequal than f when the distributions have common median and can be obtained from f by one or more shifts in population density that increase inequality. For our benchmark 2x2 case (i.e. the case of two binary outcome variables), we derive an empirical method for making inequality comparisons. As an illustration, we apply the model to childhood poverty in Mozambique.qualitative data; multidimensional first order dominance; multidimensional inequality; ordinal comparison

Pigmented villonodular synovitis associated with pathological fracture of the odontoid and atlantoaxial instability

Journal ArticlePPigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a proliferative disorder of the synovium with a predisposition for the appendicular skeleton. Rarely PVNS can arise from the spine, where this disorder usually presents with localized or radicular pain secondary to involvement of the posterior elements. The authors report the case of an 82-year-old woman who presented with long-standing neck pain and acute upper-extremity numbness and weakness. Computed tomography imaging revealed a mixed sclerotic and lucent lesion affecting the dens and right lateral mass of C-2. There was also a pathological fracture at the base of the dens with 8 mm of anterior dens displacement. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a diffusely infiltrative process that was nonenhancing. Because of instability, the patient underwent transarticular screw fixation, and a biopsy of the lesion was also performed at this time. Histopathological analysis was consistent with a diagnosis of PVNS. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of PVNS involving the C-2 vertebra or causing a pathological fracture

Castleman disease of the spine mimicking a nerve sheath tumor

Journal ArticleCastleman disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disease of unknown cause. In most cases, afflicted patients present with a mediastinal mass although the disease may manifest in numerous other sites, including intracranially and rarely intraspinally. The authors report on the case of a 19-year-old woman who presented with a large paraspinal mass emanating from the T7-8 neural foramen. The morphological and signal characteristics revealed on magnetic resonance imaging were similar to those of nerve sheath tumors. The patient underwent open biopsy sampling of the lesion, and results of a pathological evaluation revealed hyaline-vascular type Castleman disease. She underwent radiotherapy and remains symptom-free with a radiographically stable lesion 1 year later. Although the disease has been reported to mimic a meningioma when encountered in intracranial locations, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of the disorder mimicking a nerve sheath tumor. When the diagnosis of Castleman disease is made, good results can be obtained with partial resection and radiotherapy

Sustainable Development Report 2020

The Sustainable Development Report 2020 features the SDG Index and Dashboards, the first and widely used tool to assess country performance on the UN Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals. It contains insights on sustainable development and the impact of COVID-19 on the SDGs. This title is available as Open Access on Cambridge Core

Triple basepair changes within and adjacent to the conserved YY1 motif upstream of the U3 enhancer repeats of SL3-3 murine leukemia virus cause a small but significant shortening of latency of T-lymphoma induction

AbstractA highly conserved sequence upstream of the transcriptional enhancer in the U3 of murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) was reported to mediate negative regulation of their expression. In transient expression studies, negative regulation was reported to be conferred by coexpression of the transcription factor YY1, which binds to a motif in the upstream conserved region (UCR). To address the function of the UCR and its YY1-motif in an in vivo model of MLV–host interactions we introduced six consecutive triple basepair mutations into this region of the potent T-lymphomagenic SL3-3 MLV. We report that all mutants have retained their replication competence and that they all, like the SL3-3 wild type (wt), induce T-cell lymphomas when injected into newborn mice of the SWR strain. However, all mutants induced disease with slightly shorter latency periods than the wt SL3-3, suggesting that the YY1 motif as well as its immediate context in the UCR have a negative effect on the pathogenicity of the virus. This result may have implications for the design of retroviral vectors

Ordinal multidimensional inequality: theory and application to the 2x2 case

This paper develops a method for ordinal comparison of multidimensional inequality. In our model, one distribution is more unequal than another when the distributions have common arithmetic median and the first can be obtained from second by one or more elementary shifts in population density that increase inequality. For the benchmark 2x2 case (i.e. the case of two binary outcome variables), we derive an empirical approach to making ordinal inequality comparisons. As an illustration, we apply the model to childhood poverty in Mozambique

Ordinal multidimensional inequality: theory and application to the 2x2 case

This paper develops a method for ordinal comparison of multidimensional inequality. In our model, one distribution is more unequal than another when the distributions have common arithmetic median and the first can be obtained from second by one or more elementary shifts in population density that increase inequality. For the benchmark 2x2 case (i.e. the case of two binary outcome variables), we derive an empirical approach to making ordinal inequality comparisons. As an illustration, we apply the model to childhood poverty in Mozambique