Levels of interferon-gamma increase after treatment for latent tuberculosis infection in a high-transmission setting.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2013-10-24T18:04:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Iukary Takenami Levels of interferon....pdf: 1428110 bytes, checksum: f58398f3bf3d59a7040d34605cac79bb (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-24T18:04:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Iukary Takenami Levels of interferon....pdf: 1428110 bytes, checksum: f58398f3bf3d59a7040d34605cac79bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Advanced Laboratory of Public Health. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversity of California. School of Public Health. Division of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology. Berkeley, CA, USABahia School of Medicine and Public Health. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Hospital Especializado Octávio Mangabeira. Secretary of Health of Bahia State. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversity of California. School of Public Health. Division of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology. Berkeley, CA, USAUniversity of California. School of Public Health. Division of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology. Berkeley, CA, USAFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Advanced Laboratory of Public Health. Salvador, BA, Brasil /Bahia School of Medicine and Public Health. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Hospital Especializado Octávio Mangabeira. Secretary of Health of Bahia State. Salvador, BA, BrasilObjectives. We investigated IFN-γ levels before and after a six month course of isoniazid among individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in a high-transmission setting. Design. A total of 26 household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients who were positive for LTBI by tuberculin skin test completed six months of treatment and submitted a blood sample for a followup examination. The IFN-γ response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens was measured, and the results before and after the completion of LTBI treatment were compared. Results. Of the 26 study participants, 25 (96%) showed an IFN-γ level higher than their baseline level before treatment (P ≤ 0.001). Only one individual had a decreased IFN-γ level after treatment but remained positive for LTBI. Conclusion. In a high-transmission setting, the IFN-γ level has increased after LTBI treatment. Further studies must be undertaken to understand if this elevation is transient

Risk factors for failure to complete a course of latent tuberculosis infection treatment in Salvador, Brazil.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-04-14T17:35:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Machado A JR Risk factors for....pdf: 269329 bytes, checksum: ef198bfc8b3d03455670901233ce8577 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-14T17:35:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Machado A JR Risk factors for....pdf: 269329 bytes, checksum: ef198bfc8b3d03455670901233ce8577 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Hospital Especializado Octávio Mangabeira. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversity of California. Berkeley School of Public Health. California, USAUniversity of California. Berkeley School of Public Health. California, USAEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Integrado de Microbiologia e Imunorregulação. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, BrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular. Salvador, BA, BrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, BA, BraSilUniversity of California. Berkeley School of Public Health. California, USABACKGROUND: Although treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is an essential component of tuberculosis (TB) control in countries such as the United States, it is not widely practiced in most TB-endemic countries. OBJECTIVE: To examine the practice of and adherence to LTBI treatment in a high-risk population in Brazil. DESIGN: We followed household contacts (HHCs) of patients hospitalized with pulmonary TB in Salvador, Brazil, for 6 months after they initiated LTBI treatment with isoniazid (INH). HHCs were asked to return to the hospital once a month for 6 months for follow-up visits and INH refills. RESULTS: Of 101 HHCs who initiated LTBI treatment, 54 (53.5%) completed the 6-month regimen. The risk of treatment non-completion was significantly higher in HHCs who reported side effects to INH (RR 2.69, 95%CI 1.3-5.8, P = 0.01), and in those who had to take two buses for a one-way trip to the hospital (RR 1.8, 95%CI 1.01-3.3, P = 0.04). Of the 101 HHCs, 29 (28.7%) did not return for any follow-up visits; these HHCs were significantly more likely to have a 2-bus commute to the hospital compared to HHCs who completed treatment (OR 20.69, 95%CI 2.1-208.4, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Nearly 50% of HHCs at high risk for developing TB completed a 6-month course of LTBI treatment. Completion of LTBI treatment was most affected by medication intolerance and commuting difficulties for follow-up visits

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to Leptospirosis among urban slum residents in Brazil

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-03-28T18:07:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Navegantes AW, Knowledge, atitudes, and pratices....pdf: 469736 bytes, checksum: 6a3c3d1fbf68162baf4150cee7c160dd (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-03-28T18:07:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Navegantes AW, Knowledge, atitudes, and pratices....pdf: 469736 bytes, checksum: 6a3c3d1fbf68162baf4150cee7c160dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Institute of Collective Health. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilYale School of Public Health. New HavenFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilYale School of Public Health. New HavenFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilLeptospirosis disproportionately affects residents of urban slums. To understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding leptospirosis, we conducted a cross-sectional study among residents of an urban slum community in Salvador, Brazil. Of the 257 residents who were interviewed, 225 (90%) were aware of leptospirosis and more than two-thirds of respondents correctly identified the modes of disease transmission and ways to reduce exposure. However, study participants who performed risk activities such as cleaning open sewers had limited access to protective clothing such as boots (33%) or gloves (35%). Almost all respondents performed at least one activity to prevent household rat infestation, which often included use of an illegal poison. Our findings support the need for interventions targeted at the individual and household levels to reduce risk of leptospirosis until large-scale structural interventions are available to residents of urban slum communities