Academic freedom: in justification of a universal ideal

This paper examines the justification for, and benefits of, academic freedom to academics, students, universities and the world at large. The paper surveys the development of the concept of academic freedom within Europe, more especially the impact of the reforms at the University of Berlin instigated by Wilhelm von Humboldt. Following from this, the paper examines the reasons why the various facets of academic freedom are important and why the principle should continue to be supported

Unmet Demand for Union Membership in Australia

Unmet demand for union membership is defined as employees in non-union workplaces who would join a union if given the opportunity. Unmet demand is a significant issue for Australian unions as union density continues to decline and the current legislative environment remains hostile. T. his article gauges the contours of unmet demand for union membership in Australia, drawing oil responses to the Australian Worker Representation and Participation Survey (AWRPS 2004). It finds a significant level of unmet demand for union membership in Australia. Unmet demand varies according to work-place and employee characteristics and is highest among low income earners, younger workers, workers with Shorter organizational tenure and workers in routinized occupations. The practical implications of our Findings ire discussed in relation to,union renewal and the legislative environment prevailing in 2008