Herausforderungen und Chancen eines innovativen Konzeptes zur Bewertung von Tierschutzleistungen

Die Verbesserung der Tiergesundheit ist auch für ökologische Milchviehbetriebe ein bedeutendes Ziel, um sowohl den ökologischen Prinzipien als auch den Erwartungen der Verbraucher gerecht zu werden. Die Verknüpfung von Leistungsdaten mit ökonomischen Daten auf der Ebene von Kuh-Jahren ermöglicht die Identifikation und Priorisierung von Handlungsfeldern für das Tiergesundheitsmanagement. Herausforderungen liegen in der Datenverfügbarkeit

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Pathogenesis of Equine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU)

Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is considered one of the most important eye diseases in horses and typically appears with relapsing inflammatory episodes without systemic effects. Various disorders have been described as an initial trigger, including infections. Independent of the initiating cause, there are numerous indications that ERU is an immune-mediated disease. We investigated whether neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are part of the ERU pathogenesis. Therefore, vitreous body fluids (VBF), sera, and histological sections of the eye from ERU-diseased horses were analyzed for the presence of NET markers and compared with horses with healthy eyes. In addition, NET formation by blood derived neutrophils was investigated in the presence of VBF derived from horses with healthy eyes versus ERU-diseased horses using immunofluorescence microscopy. Interestingly, NET markers like free DNA, histone-complexes, and myeloperoxidase were detected in higher amounts in samples from ERU-diseased horses. Furthermore, in vitro NET formation was higher in neutrophils incubated with VBF from diseased horses compared with those animals with healthy eyes. Finally, we characterized the ability of equine cathelicidins to induce NETs, as potential NET inducing factors in ERU-diseased horses. In summary, our findings lead to the hypothesis that ERU-diseased horses develop more NETs and that these may contribute to the pathogenesis of ERU

What is the evolutionary fingerprint in neutrophil granulocytes?

Se seleccionó la licencia Creative Commons para este envío. El documento trae lo siguiente: © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Over the years of evolution, thousands of different animal species have evolved. All these species require an immune system to defend themselves against invading pathogens. Nevertheless, the immune systems of different species are obviously counteracting against the same pathogen with different efficiency. Therefore, the question arises if the process that was leading to the clades of vertebrates in the animal kingdom—namely mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish—was also leading to different functions of immune cells. One cell type of the innate immune system that is transmigrating as first line of defense in infected tissue and counteracts against pathogens is the neutrophil granulocyte. During the host–pathogen interaction they can undergo phagocytosis, apoptosis, degranulation, and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In this review, we summarize a wide spectrum of information about neutrophils in humans and animals, with a focus on vertebrates. Special attention is kept on the development, morphology, composition, and functions of these cells, but also on dysfunctions and options for cell culture or storage. © 2020 by the authors.A lo largo de los años de evolución, se han desarrollado miles de especies animales diferentes. Todas estas especies necesitan un sistema inmunitario para defenderse de los patógenos invasores. Sin embargo, los sistemas inmunitarios de las distintas especies se contraponen, obviamente, al mismo patógeno con con diferente eficacia. Por tanto, se plantea la cuestión de si el proceso que dio lugar a los clados de vertebrados en el reino animal -a saber, mamíferos, aves, anfibios, reptiles y peces- estaba también conducía a diferentes funciones de las células inmunitarias. Un tipo de célula del sistema inmunitario innato que transmigra como primera línea de defensa en los tejidos infectados y contrarresta los patógenos es los granulocitos neutrófilos. Durante la interacción huésped-patógeno pueden sufrir fagocitosis, apoptosis, degranulación y formar trampas extracelulares de neutrófilos (NET). En esta revisión, resumimos un amplio espectro de información sobre los neutrófilos en humanos y animales, centrándonos en los vertebrados. Se presta especial atención al desarrollo, la morfología, la composición y las funciones de estas células, pero también a las disfunciones y a las opciones de cultivo o almacenamiento de las células.Universidad Nacional, Costa RicaEscuela de Medicina Veterinari

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Pathogenesis of Equine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU)

Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is considered one of the most important eye diseases in horses and typically appears with relapsing inflammatory episodes without systemic effects. Various disorders have been described as an initial trigger, including infections. Independent of the initiating cause, there are numerous indications that ERU is an immune-mediated disease. We investigated whether neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are part of the ERU pathogenesis. Therefore, vitreous body fluids (VBF), sera, and histological sections of the eye from ERU-diseased horses were analyzed for the presence of NET markers and compared with horses with healthy eyes. In addition, NET formation by blood derived neutrophils was investigated in the presence of VBF derived from horses with healthy eyes versus ERU-diseased horses using immunofluorescence microscopy. Interestingly, NET markers like free DNA, histone-complexes, and myeloperoxidase were detected in higher amounts in samples from ERU-diseased horses. Furthermore, in vitro NET formation was higher in neutrophils incubated with VBF from diseased horses compared with those animals with healthy eyes. Finally, we characterized the ability of equine cathelicidins to induce NETs, as potential NET inducing factors in ERU-diseased horses. In summary, our findings lead to the hypothesis that ERU-diseased horses develop more NETs and that these may contribute to the pathogenesis of ERU

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Pathogenesis of Equine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU)

Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is considered one of the most important eye diseases in horses and typically appears with relapsing inflammatory episodes without systemic effects. Various disorders have been described as an initial trigger, including infections. Independent of the initiating cause, there are numerous indications that ERU is an immune-mediated disease. We investigated whether neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are part of the ERU pathogenesis. Therefore, vitreous body fluids (VBF), sera, and histological sections of the eye from ERU-diseased horses were analyzed for the presence of NET markers and compared with horses with healthy eyes. In addition, NET formation by blood derived neutrophils was investigated in the presence of VBF derived from horses with healthy eyes versus ERU-diseased horses using immunofluorescence microscopy. Interestingly, NET markers like free DNA, histone-complexes, and myeloperoxidase were detected in higher amounts in samples from ERU-diseased horses. Furthermore, in vitro NET formation was higher in neutrophils incubated with VBF from diseased horses compared with those animals with healthy eyes. Finally, we characterized the ability of equine cathelicidins to induce NETs, as potential NET inducing factors in ERU-diseased horses. In summary, our findings lead to the hypothesis that ERU-diseased horses develop more NETs and that these may contribute to the pathogenesis of ERU