Heat Capacity Analysis Report

The purpose of this report is to provide heat capacity values for the host and surrounding rock layers for the waste repository at Yucca Mountain. The heat capacity representations provided by this analysis are used in unsaturated zone (UZ) flow, transport, and coupled processes numerical modeling activities, and in thermal analyses as part of the design of the repository to support the license application. Among the reports that use the heat capacity values estimated in this report are the ''Multiscale Thermohydrologic Model'' report, the ''Drift Degradation Analysis'' report, the ''Ventilation Model and Analysis Report, the Igneous Intrusion Impacts on Waste Packages and Waste Forms'' report, the ''Dike/Drift Interactions report, the Drift-Scale Coupled Processes (DST and TH Seepage) Models'' report, and the ''In-Drift Natural Convection and Condensation'' report. The specific objective of this study is to determine the rock-grain and rock-mass heat capacities for the geologic stratigraphy identified in the ''Mineralogic Model (MM3.0) Report'' (BSC 2004 [DIRS 170031], Table 1-1). This report provides estimates of the heat capacity for all stratigraphic layers except the Paleozoic, for which the mineralogic abundance data required to estimate the heat capacity are not available. The temperature range of interest in this analysis is 25 C to 325 C. This interval is broken into three separate temperature sub-intervals: 25 C to 95 C, 95 C to 114 C, and 114 C to 325 C, which correspond to the preboiling, trans-boiling, and postboiling regimes. Heat capacity is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of material by one degree (Nimick and Connolly 1991 [DIRS 100690], p. 5). The rock-grain heat capacity is defined as the heat capacity of the rock solids (minerals), and does not include the effect of water that exists in the rock pores. By comparison, the rock-mass heat capacity considers the heat capacity of both solids and pore water. For temperatures in the trans-boiling regime (95 C to 114 C), the additional energy required to vaporize the pore water is accounted for in the rock-mass heat capacity. The rock-grain heat capacities are intended to be used in models and analyses that explicitly account for the thermodynamic effects of the water within the rock porosity. The rock-mass heat capacities are intended to be used in models and analyses that do not explicitly account for these thermodynamic effects, particularly boiling. The term specific heat is often used synonymously with heat capacity; however, the latter term is used throughout this document

Numerical modeling of gas and heat generation and transport: III. sensitivity analysis

A mathematical model for the generation and transport of gas and heat in a sanitary landfill is developed based on earlier work on the Mountain View Controlled Landfill Project (MVCLP) in California. The present model incorporates biokinetic model equations describing the dynamics of the microbial landfill ecosystem into a multilayer, time-dependent gas and heat transport and generation models. It is based on the fundamental principles governing the physical, chemical, and microbiological processes in a porous media context such as a sanitary landfill. The model includes biochemical and temperature feedback loops to simulate the effects of their corresponding parameters on microbiological processes. The resulting integrated biokinetic, gas, and heat generation and transport model was used to simulate field data from the MVCLP and to assess the sensitivity of model results to biological parameters. The model can be used to predict the rate and total production of methane in a landfill

Biochemical and physical processes in landfills

This paper presents a mathematical model describing biochemical and physical processes in landfills. The model incorporates biokinetic equations describing the dynamics of the microbial landfill ecosystem into multi-component (methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen) time dependent gas and heat generation and transport models. The model accounts for effects of temperature variations with time on transport properties and biochemical processes in a landfill environment. The resulting integrated biokinetic, gas, and heat generation and transport model was used to simulate field data from the Mountain View Controlled Landfill Project, California. Model simulation results were in good agreement with data from the landfill field test. The model can be used to simulate the gas production, migration, and emission at a landfill site, and assess the parameters that control biological, physical, and chemical processes in a landfill ecosystem

Water-related extremes and risk management

This chapter focuses on the linkages between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction, highlighting opportunities to build more resilient systems through a combination of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ measures

Water availability, infrastructure and ecosystems

This chapter establishes linkages between climate change and various aspects of water management. Adaptation and resilience-building options are presented with respect to water storage – including groundwater – and water supply and sanitation infrastructure, and unconventional water supply options are described. Mitigation options for water management systems are also presented