Perancangan Robot Pencapit Untuk Penyotir Barang Berdasarkan Warna Led Rgb Dengan Display Lcd Berbasis Arduino Uno

Pada rancangan penelitian ini dibuat sebuah robot yang dapat mengenali benda berdasarkan warna dan ditampilkan pada LCD dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler berbasis arduino uno. Robot akan mengelompokkan barang (box) yang sejenis secara otomatis. Robot ini mendekteksi 6 macam warna yaitu merah muda, hijau, biru, orange, hitam dan putih. Warna-warna tersebut dideteksi dengan menggunakan sensor warna yang memiliki output frekuensi, besar frekuensi yang dihasilkan tergantung dari panjang gelombang warna objek dan Intensitas cahayanya. Sedangkan sebagai pusat kendalinya menggunakan mikrokontroler berbasis arduino uno yang diprogram menggunakan bahasa C. Dari hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa Robot ini dapat berjalan dengan baik pada saat membaca warna box dan menempatkan box tersebut sesuai dengan tempatnya serta warna tersebut ditampilkan pada LCD dan manfaat penggunaan robot dalam penyortiran akan lebih efisien dan efektif

Properties of graphene-related materials controlling the thermal conductivity of their polymer nanocomposites

Different types of graphene-related materials (GRM) are industrially available and have been exploited for thermal conductivity enhancement in polymers. These include materials with very different features, in terms of thickness, lateral size and composition, especially concerning the oxygen to carbon ratio and the possible presence of surface functionalization. Due to the variability of GRM properties, the differences in polymer nanocomposites preparation methods and the microstructures obtained, a large scatter of thermal conductivity performance is found in literature. However, detailed correlations between GRM-based nanocomposites features, including nanoplatelets thickness and size, defectiveness, composition and dispersion, with their thermal conductivity remain mostly undefined. In the present paper, the thermal conductivity of GRM-based polymer nanocomposites, prepared by melt polymerization of cyclic polybutylene terephtalate oligomers and exploiting 13 different GRM grades, was investigated. The selected GRM, covering a wide range of specific surface area, size and defectiveness, secure a sound basis for the understanding of the effect of GRM properties on the thermal conductivity of their relevant polymer nanocomposites. Indeed, the obtained thermal conductivity appeares to depend on the interplay between the above GRM feature. In particular, the combination of low GRM defectiveness and high filler percolation density was found to maximize the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites

Subcellular distribution of carbonic anhydrase in Solanum tuberosum L. leaves

The intracellular compartmentation of carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1), an enzyme that catalyses the reversible hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate, has been investigated in potato (#Solanum tuberosum$ L.) leaves. Although enzyme activity was mainly located in chloroplasts (87% of total cellular activity), significant activity (13%) was also found in the cytosol. The corresponding CA isoforms were purified either from chloroplasts or crude leaf extracts, respectively. The cytosolic isoenzyme has a molecular mass of 255 000 and is composed of eight identical subunits with an estimated Mr of 30 000. The chloroplastic isoenzyme (Mr 220 000) is also an octamer composed of two different subunits with Mr estimated at 27 000 and 27 500, respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of both chloroplastic CA subunits demonstrated that they were identical except that the Mr-27 000 subunit was three amino acids shorter than that of the Mr-27 500 subunit. Cytosolic and chloroplastic CA isoenzymes were found to be similarly inhibited by monovalent anions (Cl-, I-, N3- and NO3-) and by sulfonamides (ethoxyzolamide and acetozolamide). Both CA isoforms were found to be dependent on a reducing agent such as cysteine or dithiothreitol in order to retain the catalytic activity, but 2-mercaptoethanol was found to be a potent inhibitor. A polyclonal antibody directed against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the chloroplastic CA monomers also recognized the cytosolic CA isoform. This antibody was used for immunocytolocalization experiments which confirmed the intracellular compartmentation of CA : within chloroplasts, CA is restricted to the stroma and appears randomly distributed in the cytosol. (Résumé d'auteur

Improvement of Inventory Control Using Continuous Review Policy in a Local Hospital at Bandung City, Indonesia

. This research was aimed to analyze the excess inventories issue in pharmacy and medical equipment unit at a local hospital in Bandung which affected the service level of the hospital. As one of the busy hospital in Java, proven by the higher amount of the patient/year than in other average Java typical hospital, the hospital needs to concern about the pharmaceutical and medical equipment inventories in order to fulfill patients' needs and in the same time keeping the inventory level under control. Therefore, an inventory control evaluation was conducted to determine the appropriate number of inventories and time of order to avoid the excessive goods in central warehouse of the hospital. By using probabilistic inventory model and continuous review policy, the pharmaceutical inventory in the hospital was calculated to compare the ideal and actual amount of the average inventory level (AIL). ABC (Always, Better, Control) classification also classified in this research to identify the proper item which potentially can be reduced from the inventory. From the analysis, we have discovered that the hospital potentially able to reduce almost Rp 830 million or 57% from the overstock inventory level by using continuous review policy as the basis of inventory control calculation system

Analisis Efektivitas Biaya dan Terapi Antipsikotik Haloperidol-Klorpromazin dan Risperidon-Klozapin pada Pasien Skizofrenia

Penggunaan jangka panjang terapi antipsikotik merupakan beban biaya yang ditanggung pasien skizofrenia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas biaya dan efektivitas terapi kombinasi oral haloperidol-klorpromazin (tipikal) dibanding terapi kombinasi oral risperidol-klozapin (atipikal) pada pasien skizofrenia di ruang Unit Perawatan Intensif Psikiatrik (UPIP) di salah satu rumah sakit jiwa yang ada di Provinsi Riau. Penelitian dilakukan secara prospektif menggunakan rekam medik periode Februari hingga Mei 2016, dengan teknik accidental sampling. Dimana didapatkan yaitu nilai ACER (obat) kelompok terapi haloperidol-klorpromazin Rp 402,90 sedangkan terapi risperidon-klozapin Rp 4.848,53 dan nilai ACER (total) kelompok terapi haloperidol-klorpromazin Rp 302.073,43 sedangkan terapi risperidon-klozapin Rp 339.476,85. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terapi kombinasi haloperidol-klorpromazin lebih cost-effective

Towards heart tissue regeneration: a piezoelectric patch with smart nanocarriers for on-demand drug release

45% of death in Europe are ascribed to cardiac diseases and myocardial infarction (MI) weighs a large part of them. After an MI, a portion of the myocardium tissue is lost, substituted by fibrous tissue with minimal physiological functions: this can lead to severe heart dysfunction. Available therapies cannot successfully address the problem, therefore there is an urgent clinical need for new solutions. The Horizon Europe REBORN project (https://www.rebornproject.eu/project/) tackles this issue by designing a piezoelectric patch that can stimulate the restoration of healthy tissue by the piezoelectric fibre nanoarchitecture and on-demand drug release by nanocarriers (Fig. 1). The modulation of drug delivery can be triggered with different stimuli: within the REBORN project, ultrasounds will be used to control in-situ release. Among the various biofabrication techniques, electrospinning (ESP) is the most suitable to produce matrices with properties matching the ones of the cardiac extracellular matrix: aligned nanofibers with high interconnected porosity [1]. Furthermore, ESP provides high flexibility in terms of polymeric formulation that can be used, and it allows the incorporation of drug nanocarriers inside the fibres. The present work aims to exploit ESP with a rotating drum collector for the fabrication of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric polymeric matrices with aligned fibres and the preliminary incorporation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) as drug carriers. PVDF is a renowned piezoelectric biocompatible polymer largely used for electrospun devices for medical applications [2], and it was chosen to achieve electromechanical coupling with the myocardium. At first, non-toxic solvents to obtain PVDF spinnable solutions, acetone (ACE) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were selected from the literature, to avoid possible cytotoxicity of the patch [3]. The effects of different formulations (PVDF concentration, ACE/DMSO ratio) and the ESP process parameters (voltage, flow rate, distance, drum speed) were investigated. The obtained membranes have been thoroughly characterized in terms of morphology, alignment, crystallinity, crystalline phases, mechanical properties, and wettability. By tuning the parameters, it was possible to obtain well-defined fibres, with a diameter of around 300 nm, and a good alignment. The piezoelectricity of PVDF depends on the amount of crystalline β phase, which was evaluated through FTIR spectroscopy along with the α and γ phases. The selected working conditions allow for obtaining high β phase content, about 94%. Furthermore, the overall crystallinity of the polymeric membranes, obtained by DSC, is also high, around 70%. The ESP process of PVDF is stable, allowing fibres deposition to last several hours, and to obtain various membrane thicknesses, from about 90 to 250 μm. The mechanical properties of the obtained membranes are comparable to the ones of other synthetic materials employed for cardiovascular surgery, with Young’s modulus of about 40 MPa and tensile strength of around 8.4 MPa, considering membranes thick about 100 μm. The contact angle is around 115°, as expected by a hydrophobic polymer. In preliminary trials for the incorporation of MSN, 5 %vol of MSNs was added to the PVDF solution. The nanoparticles were successfully embedded into the fibres, which showed smaller diameters with respect to fibres without MSNs due to the increased viscosity of the hybrid formulation. The PVDF+MSN membrane is a promising platform for the development of the REBORN patch and the treatment of heart failure due to MI. Future work will focus on the optimization of the ESP parameter and the investigation of drug release upon ultrasound stimulation. References [1] M.R. Gomes, F. Castelo Ferreira, P. Sanjuan-Alberte, Biomater. Adv. 137 (2022) 212808. [2] B. Azimi, M. Milazzo, A. Lazzeri, S. Berrettini, M.J. Uddin, Z. Qin, M.J. Buehler, S. Danti, Adv. Healthc. Mater. 9 (2020) 1901287. [3] J. Khao-iam, A. Salea, S. Chaipo, C. Putson, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2431 (2023) 012003

Dissipative Dynamics of Polymer Phononic Materials

Phononic materials are artificial composites with unprecedented abilities to control acoustic waves in solids. Their performance is mainly governed by their architecture, determining frequency ranges in which wave propagation is inhibited. However, the dynamics of phononic materials also depends on the mechanical and material properties of their constituents. In the case of viscoelastic constituents, such as most polymers, it is challenging to correctly predict the actual dynamic behavior of real phononic structures. Existing studies on this topic either lack experimental evidence or are limited to specific materials and architectures in restricted frequency ranges. A general framework is developed and employed to characterize the dynamics of polymer phononic materials with different architectures made of both thermoset and thermoplastic polymers, presenting qualitatively different viscoelastic behaviors. Through a comparison of experimental results with numerical predictions, the reliability of commonly used elastic and viscoelastic material models is evaluated in broad frequency ranges. Correlations between viscous effects and the two main band-gap formation mechanisms in phononic materials are revealed, and experimentally verified guidelines on how to correctly predict their dissipative response are proposed in a computationally efficient way. Overall, this work provides comprehensive guidelines for the extension of phononics modeling to applications involving dissipative viscoelastic materials.</p