29 research outputs found
Mind Mapping Technique in Language Learning
The current study aims to describe meaningful, powerful and effective tool, used to encourage technical students to apply mind mapping techniques in the language classroom. For this purpose, we overview the previous and the present studies, concerning the problem and describe the implementation of mind mapping techniques in the learning process. The results of this study showed that mind maps help students solve problems, brainstorm creative ideas, remember new vocabulary, take notes, enhance their reading skills, organize the tasks and prepare presentations. This study concludes that mind mapping technique invented in the XX century is considered to be up-to-date, creative, useful and available tool for students, educators and researchers
The Implementation of the Feedback Principle in Science and Technics
In this study positive and negative influence of the feedback have been examined. A feedback principle in the alternating current amplifier and in the speed regulator of the turbine rotation was described. The main conclusion of the positive and negative effect was obtained. Negative feedback worsens the properties of an object, reducing a strengthening factor, delaying regulatory action. Positive feedback considerably raises device work stability. This research will enable to identify the importance and effectiveness of the feedback principle in science and technics
Markov processes follow from the principle of Maximum Caliber
Markov models are widely used to describe processes of stochastic dynamics.
Here, we show that Markov models are a natural consequence of the dynamical
principle of Maximum Caliber. First, we show that when there are different
possible dynamical trajectories in a time-homogeneous process, then the only
type of process that maximizes the path entropy, for any given singlet
statistics, is a sequence of identical, independently distributed (i.i.d.)
random variables, which is the simplest Markov process. If the data is in the
form of sequentially pairwise statistics, then maximizing the caliber dictates
that the process is Markovian with a uniform initial distribution. Furthermore,
if an initial non-uniform dynamical distribution is known, or multiple
trajectories are conditioned on an initial state, then the Markov process is
still the only one that maximizes the caliber. Second, given a model, MaxCal
can be used to compute the parameters of that model. We show that this
procedure is equivalent to the maximum-likelihood method of inference in the
theory of statistics.Comment: 4 page
Eisenhart lift for higher derivative systems
The Eisenhart lift provides an elegant geometric description of a dynamical
system of second order in terms of null geodesics of the Brinkmann-type metric.
In this work, we attempt to generalize the Eisenhart method so as to encompass
higher derivative models. The analysis relies upon Ostrogradsky's Hamiltonian.
A consistent geometric description seems feasible only for a particular class
of potentials. The scheme is exemplified by the Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator.Comment: V2: 12 pages, minor improvements, references added; the version to
appear in PL
A First and Second Law for Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: Maximum Entropy Derivation of the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem and Entropy Production Functionals
A theory for non-equilibrium systems is derived from a maximum entropy
approach similar in spirit to the equilibrium theory given by Gibbs. Requiring
Hamilton's principle of stationary action to be satisfied on average during a
trajectory, we add constraints on the transition probability distribution which
lead to a path probability of the Onsager-Machlup form. Additional constraints
derived from energy and momentum conservation laws then introduce heat exchange
and external driving forces into the system, with Lagrange multipliers related
to the temperature and pressure of an external thermostatic system. The result
is a fully time-dependent, non-local description of a nonequilibrium ensemble.
Detailed accounting of the energy exchange and the change in information
entropy of the central system then provides a description of the entropy
production which is not dependent on the specification or existence of a
steady-state or on any definition of thermostatic variables for the central
system. These results are connected to the literature by showing a method for
path re-weighting, creation of arbitrary fluctuation theorems, and by providing
a simple derivation of Jarzynski relations referencing a steady-state. In
addition, we identify path free energy and entropy (caliber) functionals which
generate a first law of nonequilibrium thermodynamics by relating changes in
the driving forces to changes in path averages. Analogous to the Gibbs
relations, the variations in the path averages yield fluctuation-dissipation
theorems. The thermodynamic entropy production can also be stated in terms of
the caliber functional, resulting in a simple proof of our microscopic form for
the Clausius statement. We find that the maximum entropy route provides a clear
derivation of the path free energy functional, path-integral, Langevin,
Brownian, and Fokker-Planck statements of nonequilibrium processes.Comment: 35 page