Prevalência do "dedo em baioneta": uma manifestação do distúrbio de hiperatividade e déficit de atenção entre alcoolistas e psicóticos do sexo masculino Prevalence of "Bajonettfinger": a manifestation of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among male alcoholics and psychotics

A prevalência do dedo em baioneta, sinal semiológico do distúrbio de déficit de atenção (DHDA), foi determinada em pacientes alcoolistas e indivíduos com distúrbios psicóticos, do sexo masculino, internados em hospital psiquiátrico. Para comparações foram examinados indivíduos, do sexo masculino, recrutados dentre os funcionários do próprio hospital. A alteração morfológica foi observada em 70/200 (35%) dos alcoolistas, 45/100 (45%) dos psicóticos e 8/50 (16%) dos indivíduos controles. A diferença na prevalência do dedo em baioneta entre alcoolistas e psicóticos não foi significativa, mas o foi entre os alcoolistas ou psicóticos e o grupo controle. Estas observações sugerem, relativamente a população masculina, que: (1) o DHDA e síndromes correlatas estariam, por correlação com a prevalência dos dedos em baioneta, presentes em aproximadamente 1/3 dos alcoolistas e 1/2 dos pacientes com distúrbios psicóticos. (2) o DHDA e síndromes correlatas representariam um fator de vulnerabilidade para o alcoolismo. (3) adolescentes com dedos em baioneta deveriam merecer especial atenção no sentido de prevenção do alcoolismo.<br>The prevalence of Bajonettfinger, a semiologic sign of attention-deficit disorder hyperactivity (ADHD), was determined in male alcoholics and psychotics from a psychiatric hospital. A control group was taken from the hospital staff. The morphologic alteration was observed in 35% of the 200 alcoholics, 45% of the 100 psychotics and 16% of the 50 controls. The difference in prevalence of the sign between the alcoholics and psychotics groups was not significant but the differences between any of these groups and the controls was significant. The observations suggested that: (1) ADHD would be present, as judged through its high correlation with the prevalence of bajonettfinger, in approximately 1/3 of the alcoholics and 1/2 of the psychotics; (2) ADHD would be a vulnerability factor for alcoholism; (3) adolescents with bajonettfinger should deserve special preventive attention with respect to alcoholism

Stress Sensitization of Ethanol Withdrawal-Induced Reduction in Social Interaction: Inhibition by CRF-1 and Benzodiazepine Receptor Antagonists and a 5-HT1A-Receptor Agonist

Repeated withdrawals from chronic ethanol sensitize the withdrawal-induced reduction in social interaction behaviors. This study determined whether stress might substitute for repeated withdrawals to facilitate withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior. When two 1-h periods of restraint stress were applied at 1-week intervals to rats fed control diet, social interaction was reduced upon withdrawal from a subsequent 5-day exposure to ethanol diet. Neither this ethanol exposure alone nor exposure to three restraint stresses alone altered this measure of anxiety. Further, the repeatedly stressed singly withdrawn rats continued to exhibit a reduction in social interaction 16 days later, upon withdrawal from re-exposure to 5 days of chronic ethanol, consistent with a persistent adaptation by the multiple-stress/withdrawal protocol. Weekly administration of corticosterone in place of stress induced no significant change in social interaction upon withdrawal from the single chronic ethanol exposure, indicative that corticoid release is not responsible for the stress-induced reduction in anxiety-like behavior during withdrawal. In the multiple-withdrawal protocol, stress applied during withdrawal from voluntary ethanol drinking by P-rats facilitated ethanol drinking sufficiently, to induce a withdrawal-induced reduction in social interaction. Administration of a CRF-1 receptor antagonist, a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, or a 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist prior to each stress minimized sensitization of the withdrawal-induced reduction in anxiety-like behavior. Since these pharmacological consequences on the induction of anxiety-like behavior following the stress/withdrawal protocol are like those previously seen when these drug treatments were given prior to multiple withdrawals, evidence is provided that repeated stresses and multiple withdrawals sensitize the withdrawal reduction in social interaction by similar central adaptive mechanisms