The Organisation of Educational Space in the New Ukrainian School

Objective: The paper covers the issue of organisation of educational space of primary education in the conditions of establishment of the NUS. The purpose of the study was to determine the specific features in the organisation of educational space in foreign educational institutions and to provide recommendations for the organisation of educational space of the NUS.Background: The school begins with the organisation of new educational space as a carrier of symbolic information, which ensures additional opportunities for the cognitive, aesthetic, ethical development of the subjects of the educational process. The ideas of organising the educational space of foreign countries, with a clear division into the physical environment, curriculum, human factors, are embodied in the practice of the New Ukrainian School (NUS) to organise opportunities to meet the needs of the educational process while having its own features.Method: The authors used communicative, cognitive, transformative, systematising and control methods of teaching during the research.Results: The concept of "educational space" is described; models of organisation of educational space are presented. The paper provides the analysis of an array of works of scholars, which cover various aspects of the definition of educational space. The educational sources, which are determined by the Methodical recommendations on the organisation of the educational space of the New Ukrainian School, are analysed.Conclusion: Recommendations are given to future primary school teachers on the organisation of educational space and educational sources in classrooms of modern primary school. The general conclusions concerning the investigated problem are formulated

A Study of Physico-chemical Characteristics of Electrochromic Ni(OH)2-PVA Films on Fto Glass with Different Deposition Duration

The use of electrochromic elements in “smart” windows leads to significant savings in electricity required for cooling premises. However, the high cost of these devices does not allow the technology to be widely used. Since the cost is determined by costly vacuum deposition methods, the development of other cheaper methods of deposition of electrochromic element layers is urgent. Aspects of alternative to vacuum formation methods – cathode template electrochemical deposition of composite electrochromic Ni(OH)2-PVA films were investigated. The study is devoted to determining the effect of the duration of deposition of the electrochromic layer on their physicochemical characteristics, in particular, on the optical and electrochemical properties. The deposition was carried out on fluorine-doped tin oxide glasses (FTO glasses). The time of deposition was chosen equal to 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 minutes. As a result of the experiments, it was shown that the optimal duration of deposition under the selected conditions of the electrochromic layer formation was the interval from 5 to 20 minutes, inclusive. The deposition time of 40 minutes did not improve the optical characteristics of the film. At the same time, with the deposition duration of 60 and 80 minutes, the electrochemical and optical parameters sharply decreased, the coloration depth and irreversibility during bleaching, as well as the specific capacitances of the processes decreased. In the course of data processing, the film thickness was calculated depending on the duration of deposition in several ways. Comparison of the graphs obtained made it possible to determine the approximate amount of polyvinyl alcohol in the electrochromic composite coating, as well as to estimate the current efficiency of the electrodeposition and oxidation-reduction process of the electrochromic material. In this case, the volume of polyvinyl alcohol in the composite was approximately equal to the volume of nickel hydroxide, and the efficiency of Ni(OH)2 deposition and coloration-bleaching processes was approximately 100