Estimates of returns of scale for US manufacturing

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:9350.1059(9915) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Estimates of the returns to scale for US manufacturing

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:3597.9512(2121) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Income inequality in turkey: 2003–2015

Turkey’s income inequality is one of the highest within the OECD countries. Despite a decline in Gini coefficient in the early years of the millennium, the gains have stalled, and inequality is rising again, resembling changing macroeconomic developments. This paper presents an investigation of income distribution in Turkey using evidence from inequality index decompositions by subgroup and by income source. The evidence suggests a close relationship between education of householder and inequality, while household formation became an important contributing factor in later years. Reliance on paid employment income and social transfers and decline in self-employment and asset incomes suggest an erosion in the incomes of middle classes

Patterns of Productivity Growth and the Wage Cycle in Turkish Manufacturing

In this paper we investigate the distributional consequences of the post-1980 accumulation patterns and technological change in the Turkish manufacturing industries. We utilise two quantitative techniques. First, we make use of the Hodrick-Prescott filter to disintegrate the cyclical variations in productivity growth and wage rates from their respective historical trends, and study the evolution of the wage cycle against the long term productivity patterns in the sector. Next, we decompose the fundamental characteristics of the contributions of productivity growth of the manufacturing sub-sectors to the overall total. Our results suggest very little structural change in the sectoral composition and nature of productivity advances under the post-1980 structural adjustment reforms and outward-orientation, and underscore that the gains in productivity in this period did not materialise as gains in remunerations of wage labour. Contrary to the prognostications of the orthodox theory, the post-1980 export orientation of Turkish manufacturing was not found to lend itself to productivity contributions, and could not be sustained as a viable strategy of 'export-led industrialisation'.