Facial photogrammetric measurements as beauty landmarks

Introduction: Beauty and attractiveness of a person's facial features are very subjective and also influenced by many factors, such as cultural, social, and personal. It is due to many complex neural mechanisms, that we are able to perceive everything, and also decide if something is attractive or not. The most common and the most significant factors associated with good facial aesthetics are symmetry and proportions of the face. It is important to note that they can be thoroughly analysed using photogrammetry, which represents a non-invasive technique that involves using photographs or 3D imaging methods to capture and analyze the craniofacial structures and features for diagnostic, treatment planning, monitoring and research purposes. When it comes to photogrammetry, angular parameters such as nasofrontal, nasolabial, mentolabial and facial profile angle and linear parameters such as facial width to height ratio, nasal width, interocular and interpupillary distance, philtrum length, chin and forehead height of the face are of great importance. Aim: In this literature survey authors wanted to highlight if these measurements and parameters were enough for determining the beauty and attractiveness of a face if used on their own. Conclusion: Facial photogrammetry has several applications in the field of medicine, particularly in areas such as dermatology, orthodontics, maxillofacial and plastic surgery, due to the usage of angular and linear parameters, as well as other purposes. With many advancements and adjustments, it has become accurate and accessible and has also significantly improved diagnostics, patient care, treatments and outcomes in various cases in medicine and dentistry

Plasma Induced DNA Damage: Comparison with the Effects Of Ionizing Radiation And Establishing Effective Treatment Doses

Atmospheric pressure plasma sources such as the plasma needle are being used for wound and chronic wound healing, cancer cell removal, stem cell manipulations, in dermatology, surgery, dentistry, etc. [1,2]. In our previous work we have optimized plasma needle parameters to efficiently sterilize E. Coli and S. Aureus in planktonic samples without causing damage to the peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells used as a model for surrounding tissue [3]. Plasma treatments of human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells have led to a promotion of osteogenic differentiation without affecting cell viability [4]. These results can be important for dentistry, especially for possible support or alternative to conventional regenerative procedures, such as guided tissue regeneration, the use of bone replacement grafts, and application of exogenous growth factors or proteins. Besides the promising short term effects of atmospheric non-thermal plasma on cells, it is necessary to study the long term effects, like for example DNA damage in order to prevent undesirable effects

Mass transfer and microbiological profile of pork meat dehydrated in two different osmotic solutions

The effects of osmotic dehydration on mass transfer properties and microbiological profile were investigated in order to determine the usefulness of this technique as pre-treatment for further treatment of meat. Process was studied in two solutions (sugar beet molasses, and aqueous solution of sodium chloride and sucrose), at two temperatures (4 and 22°C) at atmospheric pressure. The most significant parameters of mass transfer were determined after 300 minutes of the dehydration. The water activity (aw) values of the processed meat were determined, as well as the change of the microbiological profile between the fresh and dehydrated meat. At the temperature of 22°C the sugar beet molasses proved to be most suitable as an osmotic solution, despite the greater viscosity

Asymmetry in development (mineralisation) of permanent mandibular canine roots

Introduction. The development of the teeth is closely associated with the proper and unobstructed physical and psychological development of the child. Aim. To determine the existence of asymmetry in the development of the roots of the lower permanent canine teeth in different age groups of children of both sexes. Material and methods. The study was conducted on 523 ortopantomograms (253 boys and 270 girls) of orthodontic patients aged 6 to 14 years of the Dental Clinic in Niš. We analyzed the development of asymmetry in the lower permanent canine root, using the method of Gleiser and Hunt, or the modification by Tijanić (1981). Results. It was found that asymmetry in the development of the root in both sexes of the lower canine teeth was present in 20 patients (3.82%), 10 boys (3.95%) and 10 girls (3.70%). The difference is in the range of one stage. Asymmetric development of the roots of the lower incisors in girls and boys usually present in the 7th and 8th stages (60% in girls and in 50% in boys). In 90% of girls in developing asymmetry the root of the lower canine is present in a single stage, and in 10% of girls it presents within three stages. Asymmetric development of the root of the lower canine is the most common in the 7th and 8th stages of development (55%). Conclusion. Asymmetric root development of permanent lower canines was found in 3.82% of patients. More than half of respondents (55%) had asymmetrical canine root development stage in half and three quarters of the total root length. The results of this study indicate that the canine is the tooth with very little variations in its development

Biological evaluation of transdichloridoplatinum( II) complexes with 3-and 4-acetylpyridine in comparison to cisplatin

Background. In our previous study we reported the synthesis and cytotoxicity of two trans-platinum(II) complexes: trans-[PtCl2(3-acetylpyridine)(2)] (1) and trans-[PtCl2(4-acetylpyridine)(2)] (2), revealing significant cytotoxic potential of 2. In order to evaluate the mechanism underlying biological activity of both trans-Pt(II) isomers, comparative studies versus cisplatin were performed in HeLa, MRC-5 and MS1 cells. Materials and methods. The cytotoxic activity of the investigated complexes was determined using SRB assay. The colagenolytic activity was determined using gelatin zymography, while the effect of platinum complexes on matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 mRNA expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. Apoptotic potential and cell cycle alterations were determined by FACS analyses. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the effect on expression of DNA-repair enzyme ERCC1, and quantitative real-time PCR was used for the ERCC1 mRNA expression analysis. In vitro antiangiogenic potential was determined by tube formation assay. Platinum content in intracellular DNA and proteins was determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Results. Compound 2 displayed an apparent cytoselective profile, and flow cytometry analysis in HeLa cells indicated that 2 exerted antiproliferative effect through apoptosis induction, while 1 induced both apoptosis and necrosis. Action of 1 and 2, as analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, was associated with down-regulation of ERCC1. Both trans-complexes inhibited MMP-9 mRNA expression in HeLa, while 2 significantly abrogated in vitro tubulogenesis in MS1 cells. Conclusions. The ability of 2 to induce multiple and selective in vitro cytotoxic effects encourages further investigations of trans-platinum(II) complexes with substituted pyridines

Apoptosis time window induced by cold atmospheric plasma: Comparison with ionizing radiation

In this study we evaluate apoptosis time window of primary fibroblasts treated with cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), power range 0.4-1.4 W, for 30 sec, using γ-H2AX phosphorylation assay and flow cytometry. In contrast to irradiation where maximum of γ-H2AX foci appeared 30 min after irradiation and apoptosis 24 h later irrespective of radiation dose, treatment with CAP (power of 0.4 and 0.6) induces maximum of γ-H2AX foci 2 h after treatment. Apoptosis occurred in a power-dependent manner, with time shift of 2-3 h. Besides power-dependent time shift in apoptosis induction, apoptosis time window is the same and lasts for 2 h. © 2019, Indian Academy of Sciences

Plasma induced DNA damage: Comparison with the effects of ionizing radiation

We use human primary fibroblasts for comparing plasma and gamma rays induced DNA damage. In both cases, DNA strand breaks occur, but of fundamentally different nature. Unlike gamma exposure, contact with plasma predominantly leads to single strand breaks and base-damages, while double strand breaks are mainly consequence of the cell repair mechanisms. Different cell signaling mechanisms are detected confirming this (ataxia telangiectasia mutated - ATM and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related - ATR, respectively). The effective plasma doses can be tuned to match the typical therapeutic doses of 2Gy. Tailoring the effective dose through plasma power and duration of the treatment enables safety precautions mainly by inducing apoptosis and consequently reduced frequency of micronuclei. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC

The synthesis, spectroscopic, X-ray characterization and in vitro cytotoxic testing results of activity of five new trans-platinum(IV) complexes with functionalized pyridines

Platinum(IV) complexes with general formulas [Pt(L1-2)(2)Cl-4]. where L1-2 are 3-acetylpyridine (1) and 4-acetylpyridine (2) respectively, and [Pt(HL3-5)(2)Cl-2], where H2L3-5 are 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (3), 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (4) and 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (5) respectively, were prepared by the reaction of K-2[PtCl6] with the corresponding ligand in 1:2 M ratio in water. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and IR and NMR spectroscopy. The structures of complexes 2 and 5 were determined by X-ray crystallography, which revealed the trans orientation of chloride anions around platinum(IV) in the case of both complexes. The antiproliferative activity was investigated in six tumor cell lines (human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa), murine melanoma cells (B16), human breast carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-453), human colon carcinoma cells (LS-174), transformed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy 926) and murine endothelial cells (MS1)) and in one non-tumor cell line-human fetal lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5). Cytotoxicity studies indicated that Pt(IV) complexes with acetyl-substituted pyridine ligands exhibit significantly higher in vitro antiproliferative activity than the complexes with carboxylato-substituted pyridines. Complexes 1 and 2 showed antiproliferative activity in all tested tumor cell lines, with the highest potential in human endothelial cells EA.hy 926, since they had IC50 values of 13.8 +/- 5.8 mu M and 23.4 +/- 3.3 mu M, respectively and were more active than cisplatin. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibited lower toxicity against the non-tumor human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) than against most of the tested tumor cell lines. (C) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

Optimization of the osmotic dehydration of carrot cubes in sugar beet molasses

A Response Surface Methodology approach (RSM) was used to determine optimum conditions for the osmotic dehydration of carrot cubes in sugar beet molasses. Treatment times were set to 1, 3 and 5 h, at temperatures of 45, 55 and 65°C and molasses concentrations were 40, 60 and 80% (w/w). The used responses variables were: final dry matter content (DM), water loss (WL), solid gain (Sg), and water activity (aw). A Box and Behnken’s fractional factorial design (2 level-3 parameter) with 15 runs (1 block) was used for design of the experiment. DM, WL, Sg were significantly affected by all process variables (at 90-95% confidence level). The optimum conditions were determined by superimposing the contour plots, with the following response limiting values: DM 50-60%, WL 0.7- 0.8, Sg 0.08-0.09, and aw 0.84-0.86. The optimum conditions generated were: treatment time of 4h, temperature of 60°C, sugar concentration of 66% (w/w)

Differences in Angular Photogrammetric Soft-Tissue Facial Characteristics among Parents and Their Offspring

Background and objectives: The objective of this study was to determine if the angular photogrammetric analysis of soft-tissue characteristics can determine similarities between parents and their offspring in the Serbian population. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 families (52 participants) met the participation criteria of this study and their facial profile images were analyzed using the ImageJ software. Subjects were divided into groups of mothers and fathers and four groups of children (divided according to their age and gender). In total, twelve angular measurements were made on the standardized digital images of the profiles of the participants and the obtained data were compared using one-way ANOVA. Results: The obtained results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the values of the nasal and cervicomental angles, as well as the angle of the total facial convexity, between the group of fathers, on one side, and groups of male/female children, on the other. Conclusions: This work represents the first photogrammetric analysis of facial soft-tissue characteristics of children and adults in the Serbian population. The data suggest that there are much more similarities between the facial soft-tissue angles of fathers and their male offspring. Furthermore, mothers tend to have statistically insignificant differences in angle sizes, compared to both male and female offspring