Increasing incidence of pertussis in Brazil: a retrospective study using surveillance data

Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-04-07T13:34:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lucas_guimaraes_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 2109127 bytes, checksum: 896789ce39bc0d4f7c5696f45b03b71b (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-04-07T13:51:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lucas_guimaraes_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 2109127 bytes, checksum: 896789ce39bc0d4f7c5696f45b03b71b (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-07T13:51:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lucas_guimaraes_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 2109127 bytes, checksum: 896789ce39bc0d4f7c5696f45b03b71b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escritório Regional. Teresina, PI, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí (IFPI). Teresina, PI, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escritório Regional. Teresina, PI, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Background: Many countries have reported an increase in the incidence of pertussis, which has become a global public health concern. Methods: In this study, the epidemiology of pertussis in Brazil was assessed retrospectively using surveillance data gathered from case notification forms from 2007 to 2014. Results: From 2007 to 2014, 80,068 suspected cases of pertussis were reported in Brazil. Of these, 24,612 (32 %) were confirmed by various criteria. The annual distribution of confirmed cases demonstrated a significant increase in incidence rate since 2012. A seasonal pattern in which cases occur most frequently between the end of spring and midsummer has been identified. Among the confirmed cases, 34.5 % occurred in infants aged 0–2 months, 22.4 % occurred in infants aged 3–6 months, 21 % occurred in children aged 7 months to 4 years, and 8 % were reported in adults >21 years. Of the confirmed cases, 47.2 % met only clinical criteria, 15.5 % met clinical and epidemiological criteria, and 36.6 % were confirmed in a laboratory. The overall case fatality rate was 2.1 %, reaching 4.7 % among infants aged 0–2 months. The complications most commonly reported in the notification forms were pneumonia, encephalitis, dehydration, otitis, and malnutrition. Of the confirmed cases, 23.1 % occurred in subjects who received at least 3 doses of the pertussis vaccine. Within this group, there were 1098 infants aged 7 to 15 months and 2079 children aged 16 months to 4 years. In 2012, 18 states did not achieve 95 % immunization coverage, a number that dropped to 10 and 6 in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Conclusions: Brazil’s main challenges in facing pertussis resurgence will be to offer the best quality medical attention to reduce mortality, to improve the infrastructure for laboratory diagnosis and to increase vaccination coverage. Additional studies to assess the effectiveness of the current vaccination schedule and basic research on the genetics and evolution of circulating B. pertussis strains are also needed

Influence of blood meal and mating in reproduction patterns of Triatoma brasiliensis females (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) under laboratory conditions

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-08-16T11:13:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FilipeC_costa_etal_IOC_2009.pdf: 435665 bytes, checksum: a46c62f4f8f2fe2252211ba4195eca28 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-08-16T11:21:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FilipeC_costa_etal_IOC_2009.pdf: 435665 bytes, checksum: a46c62f4f8f2fe2252211ba4195eca28 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T11:21:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FilipeC_costa_etal_IOC_2009.pdf: 435665 bytes, checksum: a46c62f4f8f2fe2252211ba4195eca28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Eco-Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioquímica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Redeemer University College. Biology Department. Ancaster, Ontario, Canada.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Eco-Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.The influence of blood meal and mating on Triatoma brasiliensis (Neiva) female fecundity, fertility, life-span and the preoviposition period were investigated under laboratory conditions. Nourishment increased fecundity, fertility and adult lifespan, whereas mating increased fecundity, fertility and decreased the preoviposition period. Females also required more than one mating to reach their full reproductive potential. Results indicate that both nourishment and mating are important in T. brasiliensis proliferation. Such information will help towards developing effective control strategies of this vector of Chagas disease

Influence of blood meal and mating in reproduction patterns of Triatoma brasiliensis females (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) under laboratory conditions

The influence of blood meal and mating on Triatoma brasiliensis (Neiva) female fecundity, fertility, life-span and the preoviposition period were investigated under laboratory conditions. Nourishment increased fecundity, fertility and adult lifespan, whereas mating increased fecundity, fertility and decreased the preoviposition period. Females also required more than one mating to reach their full reproductive potential. Results indicate that both nourishment and mating are important in T. brasiliensis proliferation. Such information will help towards developing effective control strategies of this vector of Chagas disease

Chagasic infection among blood donors in Brazil: an integrative review

Based on the literature, this work aimed to discuss infection by Chagas disease among blood donors in Brazil. Studies on the prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in donors or candidates for blood donation in Brazil are important. The prevalence of infection appears to be a sensitive indicator and can be a true marker of the risk of the transmission of Chagas disease by blood transfusion. Moreover, it serves as a marker of the level of transmission of the disease in a region, as well as a tool to characterize the epidemiological profile of individuals affected by the disease. The present study is an integrative review of the literature on chagasic infection among blood donors. An evaluation of the literature identified the epidemiological profile of blood donors infected by T. cruzi, which is characterized in general as men, over 30 years old, with a low level of schooling, low income and mainly coming from rural areas. Keywords: Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, Blood donor, Blood transfusion, Brazi

Surveillance of Human Astrovirus Infection in Brazil: The First Report of MLB1 Astrovirus

Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-05-17T12:37:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mariadapenha_xavier_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 2483005 bytes, checksum: afda9c7512fa155a70477d1cba54ffa4 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-05-17T12:51:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mariadapenha_xavier_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 2483005 bytes, checksum: afda9c7512fa155a70477d1cba54ffa4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T12:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariadapenha_xavier_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 2483005 bytes, checksum: afda9c7512fa155a70477d1cba54ffa4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Human astrovirus (HAstV) represents the third most common virus associated with acute diarrhea (AD). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HAstV infection in Brazilian children under 5 years of age with AD, investigate the presence of recently described HAstV strains, through extensive laboratory-based surveillance of enteric viral agents in three Brazilian coastal regions between 2005 and 2011. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the overall HAstV detection rate reached 7.1% (207/ 2.913) with percentage varying according to the geographic region: 3.9% (36/921) in the northeast, 7.9% in the south (71/903) and 9.2% in the southeast (100/1.089) (p < 0.001). HAstV were detected in cases of all age groups. Detection rates were slightly higher during the spring. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a 320-bp ORF2 fragment revealed that HAstV- 1 was the predominant genotype throughout the seven years of the study. The novel AstVMLB1 was detected in two children with AD from a subset of 200 samples tested, demonstrating the circulation of this virus both the in northeastern and southeastern regions of Brazil. These results provide additional epidemiological and molecular data on HAstV circulation in three Brazilian coastal regions, highlighting its potential to cause infantile AD

Prevalence and genomic characterization of G2P[4] group A rotavirus strains during monovalent vaccine introduction in Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-12T13:57:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) tatiana_roseetal_IOC_2014.pdf: 862520 bytes, checksum: 3124bc7c8df41b90c55fc26589eb62cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.University of Leuven. Rega Institute for Medical Research. Department of Microbiology and Immunology.Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology. Leuven, Belgium.University of Leuven. Rega Institute for Medical Research. Department of Microbiology and Immunology.Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology. Leuven, Belgium.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.This study aims to: estimate the prevalence of G2P[4] rotaviruses in Brazil between 2001–2011 from patients with acute gastroenteritis; perform phylogenetic analyses of G2P[4] Brazilian strains (from vaccinated and non-vaccinated children) based on VP7 and VP8⁄ encoding genes and analyze the antigenic regions of these proteins comparing with RV1; and assess the full genetic background of eleven selected Brazilian strains. The G2P[4] detection rate among RVA positive samples was 0/157 in 2001, 3/226 (1.3%) in 2002, 0/514 in 2003, 0/651 in 2004, 31/344 (9%)/2005, 112/227 (49%)/2006, 139/211 (66%)/2007, 240/ 284 (85%)/2008, 66/176 (37.5%)/2009, 367/422 (87%)/2010 and 75/149 (50%)/2011. For the VP7 and VP8⁄ encoding genes, 52 sequences were analyzed and shared up to 99% nucleotide identity with other contemporary G2P[4] strains detected worldwide, grouping into different clusters. Most differences inside antigenic epitopes of VP7 and VP8⁄ have been maintained in the G2P[4] Brazilian strains along the years, and all were present before RV1 introduction. Eleven G2P[4] strains (4-vaccinated/7-non-vaccinated) were completely characterized and possessed the typical DS-1-like genotype constellation (G2-P[4]-I2- R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2) sharing up to 99% of nucleotide identity with contemporary worldwide strains. Reassortments between Brazilian G2P[4] human strains were observed. In conclusion, the data obtained in the current study suggests that implementation of RV1 vaccination might not influence the genetic diversity observed in G2P[4] analyzed strains. Several factors might have contributed to the increased prevalence of this genotype in Brazil since 2005: the introduction of RV1 into the Brazilian National Immunization Program has resulted in a decrease in the relative prevalence of predominant Wa-like RVA strains facilitating the increase of the heterotypic (DS-1-like) RVA strain G2P[4] in the Brazilian population; the genetic diversity found in different geographical regions throughout the years before, and after the introduction of RV1; the long period of low or no circulation of this genotype in Brazil previous to RV1 introduction could have created favorable conditions for the accumulation of immunological susceptible individuals

Assessment of gastroenteric viruses frequency in a children's day care center in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil: a fifteen year study (1994-2008).

This 15-year study aimed to determine the role of the main viruses responsible for acute infantile gastroenteritis cases in a day care center in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. From 1994 to 2008, 539 fecal samples were obtained from 23 outbreaks as well as sporadic cases that occurred in this period. The detection of Rotavirus group A (RVA), norovirus (NoV) and astrovirus (AstV) was investigated both by classical and molecular methods of viral detection. RVA was detected by enzymatic immune assay and/or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and genotyped by using semi-nested multiplex PCR. NoV and AstV were subsequently tested by real time PCR in all RVA-negative samples and genotyped throughout genome sequencing. Three protocols for molecular characterization of NoV nucleotide sequencing were performed with the partial nucleotide sequencing of genomic regions known as region B (polymerase gen), C and D (capsid gen).Viruses were identified in 47.7% (257/539) of the cases, and the detection rates of RVA, NoV and AstV in16.1% (87/539), 33.4% (151/452), and 6.3% (19/301), respectively. Most gastroenteritis cases were reported in autumn and winter, although NoV presented a broader monthly distribution. Viruses' detection rates were significantly higher among children aged less than 24 months old, although NoV cases were detected in all age groups. RVA genotypes as G1P[8], G9P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8] and G1+G3P[8] and RVA was no longer detected after 2005. NoV characterization revealed genotypes variability circulating in the period as GI.2, GI.3, GI.8 GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.4 variants 2001 and 2006b, GII.6, GII.7, GII.12 and GII.17. AstV genotypes 1, 2, 4 and 5 were also characterized. Those data demonstrate the impact of NoV infection in cases of infantile gastroenteritis, surpassing RVA infection responsible for high morbidity rate in children under five years old

Cross-sectional study to determine viral hepatitis knowledge in different urban populations in Brazil

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-01-24T15:23:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 liviam_villar_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 1020929 bytes, checksum: ced7b339673633ebefec56e8ec585ea3 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-01-24T15:37:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 liviam_villar_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 1020929 bytes, checksum: ced7b339673633ebefec56e8ec585ea3 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-24T15:37:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 liviam_villar_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 1020929 bytes, checksum: ced7b339673633ebefec56e8ec585ea3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hepatites Virais. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hepatites Virais. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil / Universidade de Federal do Ceará. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.Universidade de Federal do Ceará. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnologia em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnologia em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Centro de Orientação e Aconselhamento. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hepatites Virais. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hepatites Virais. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.To evaluate viral hepatitis knowledge among individuals from different resource areas and health conditions to identify possible gaps