8 research outputs found
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Monozygotic Twins Discordant for the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
• Monozygotic twin girls discordant for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were born to parents with antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III. One twin had clinical evidence of the syndrome with tests positive for antibody, whereas the other at the age of 3 years was clinically, serologically, and virologically normal.(AJDC 1986;140:678-679
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LOW CIRCULATING THYMULIN-LIKE ACTIVITY IN CHILDREN WITH AIDS AND AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX
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Spectrum of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infection in Children: Recognition of Symptomatic, Asymptomatic, and Seronegative Patients
This study was done to gain insight into the clinical spectrum and immunologic disturbances resulting from infection with the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) in children. Serum antibody to p41 antigen of HTLV-III and/or direct evidence of HTLV-III in lymphocytes was considered indicative of HTLV-III/LAV infection. In 36 children with HTLV-III/LAV infection, a wide clinical spectrum was noted, ranging from asymptomatic (seven children) to symptomatic, the latter including 14 children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Microcephaly was noted in five symptomatic infants. Immunologic dysfunction was noted in all symptomatic and in two asymptomatic children. Panhypogammaglobulinemia was noted in one child. Two asymptomatic children who were HTLV-III antibody negative had virologic evidence of HTLV-III infection. All of 20 mothers who were studied were HTLV-III antibody positive and had immunologic abnormalities but only nine were symptomatic, indicating that apparently healthy women may transmit HTLV-III/LAV infection to their offspring.(JAMA 1986;255:2299-2305
Severe Pulmonary Hypertension Without Significant Pulmonary Parenchymal Disease In a Pediatric Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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Prophylactic Intravenous Immunoglobulin in HIV-Infected Children With CD4+ Counts of 0.20×109/L or More: Effect on Viral, Opportunistic, and Bacterial Infections
Objective.—To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for prevention of viral, opportunistic, and minor bacterial infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Design.—Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, outpatient clinical trial comparing subjects treated with 400 mg of IVIG per kilogram of body weight every 28 days with those given albumin placebo.Setting.—Twenty-eight clinical centers in mainland United States and Puerto Rico.Patients.—Three hundred seventy-six children infected with human immunodeficiency virus with clinical or immunologic evidence of HIV disease, 313 of whom had entry CD4+ counts of at least 0.20×109/L (≥200/mm3).Main Outcome Measures.—The incidence of laboratory-proven and clinically diagnosed viral, opportunistic, and bacterial infections.Main Results.—Viral infections and minor bacterial infections contributed more frequently to morbidity in children with entry CD4+ counts of at least 0.20×109/L (together over five times as frequent) than did serious bacterial infection, the primary outcome measure of the trial. Opportunistic infections occurred at a similar rate as laboratory-proven serious bacterial infections. In this group of children, IVIG was significantly associated with a decrease in the rate of viral infections and minor bacterial infections per 100 patient-years (36.0 vs 54.0 episodes of viral infection per 100 patient-years, IVIG vs placebo,P=.01; and 115.1 vs 159.7 episodes of minor bacterial infection per 100 patient-years, IVIG vs placebo,P-.02), as well as a decrease in the rate of serious bacterial infections per 100 patient-years (26.4 vs 48.2 episodes per 100 patient-years;P=.002). There was no apparent difference in the rate of opportunistic infections between treatment arms.Conclusions.—Beneficial effect of IVIG was seen across multiple infectious outcome measures, with reductions in serious and minor viral and bacterial infections observed in children with entry CD4+ counts of at least 0.20×109/L.(JAMA. 1992;268:483-488