Η πρόκληση του πολυπολιτισμού και η ελληνοαυστραλιανή παροικία στη δεκαετία του 1970

Please note: this article is in Greek. The challenge of multiculturalism and the Greek-Australian community in the 1970s: Australia and the Greek-Australian community went through considerable developments and changes in the 1970s. The beginning of the decade is marked by the election of the Whitlam Government, the end of the White Australia policy and the introduction of legislation recognizing the multicultural character of the Australian society. Finally the Galbally Committee Report advanced the establishment of SBS and several other services for the needs of migrants. At the same period, the Greek-Australian community, which had been over-doubled in the 1960s, was now in a position to seek the attention of the Australian politicians in matters such as the restoration of Democracy in Greece, the support of the Greek-Cypriot issues, in fields of social welfare and the introduction of Greek in the universities and Government schools. Despite negative occurrences as the Sydney Greek conspiracy case in 1978, which eventually proved groundless, the Greek-Australian community contributed significantly to the Australian multicultural developments. This paper aims to present the development and the dynamics of the Greek-Australian community in the 1970s

Το Παροικιακό Ελληνικό Σχολείο της Μελβούρνης, 1923–1957

Please note: This article is in Greek. The Melbourne Greek Community School, 1923–1957: There seems to be some disputation regarding the time of the establishment of the Melbourne Greek community after-hours Greek school. There is a claim that the school started in 1902. All available evidence, however, indicates that the school started in 1923. Initially the Greek people of Melbourne wished to establish an Anglo-Greek Lyceum but that wish was unrealistic because it met with indifference from the State Government and because of lack of sufficient number of students. The Greek afternoon school after 1923 encountered many difficulties which were due to insufficient economic support, political conflict and mismanagement. The first period of the school cover the years from 1923 to 1957, when due to mass immigration after 1952, it became necessary to grow faster and develop suburban branches. This paper aims to examine the development, structure and efficiency of the Greek afternoon school of Melbourne, during its first period

Γιάννης Ρίτσος: η μοντερνιστική περίοδος του 1935–1943

Please note: this article is in Greek

The Greek Australian Press, 1960-1975: Some Issues.

Please note: this article is in Greek. This article examines the role and the contribution of six Greek-Australian newspapers from 1960 to 1975. From many aspects this is a very important period for the Greek-Australian community. It includes the overdoubling of the Greek born settlers between 1961 and 1970, the Archdiocese — pre-1958 Greek Communities dispute, the imposition of the Greek military dictatorship in Greece in 1967, the 1974 Turkish invasion to Cyprus, the collapse of the Greek military regime and the coming to Australia of about 6,000 Greek-Cypriot refugees. Other Greek-Australian and Australian developments contributed also in shaping the development of the Greek-Australian community. Events such as the visit to Australia of Mikis Theodorakis in 1972, Andreas Papandreou in 1974, the social and adjustment problems of the new Greek-Australian families, the coming and the falling of the Gough Whitlam era and the introduction of Multiculturalism played a role in the shaping of the community. How were these situations and developments presented by the Greek-Australian Press

Ο Ελληνοαυστραλιανός Τύπος στη δεκαετία του 1950

Please note: This article is in Greek. The present article attempts a study of the Greek Australian Press of the 1950s. The 1950s, with the commencement of the mass Greek emigration to Australia, form an important turning point in the development of the Greek-Australian Community. The change of the Law regarding the publication of foreign language newspapers in Australia, in 1956, made also easier the publication of new newspapers and facilitated the development of the Greek-Australian Press and its possibilities to respond to the great social needs of the tens of thousands of new immigrants

Yannis Ritsos' The Moonlight Sonata· the Cognition of the city and the Vision of Life from a Distance.

Yannis Ritsos' Moonlight Sonata was written and published in 1956 and marked a new stage in Ritsos' poetry. The poet, by then in his middle age, had reached a poetry of long powerful dramatic monologues of the kind of this poem and others, 17 of which have been included in his 1972 long collection Fourth Dimension. The present article attempts an examination of Ritsos' Moonlight Sonata as an intense portrayal of the subject of loneliness and alienation of the uncommitted individual. In Moonlight Sonata Ritsos presents a woman in black who has passed her prime, asking persistently a younger male companion to allow her to come out with him for a walk in the night so that together they might see the city in the relentless moonlight. The silent presence of the young man is felt throughout the lady's long confessional monologue. In this sense the lady in the poem represents that part of the old world which Ritsos thinks is condemned to perish with its aristocratic past because of its aversion to adapt and participate in the process of change. Ritsos portrays her sympathetically with the concomitant problems of ageing, physical decay, loneliness and alienation. Alienation and loneliness, then, in this poem, seem to spring from a person's aversion to relate to people and participate in common action. Furthermore, the alienation of the lady in black seems to spring from the separation of her art from life and real people

Advances in targeted and immunobased therapies for colorectal cancer in the genomic era

Targeted therapies require information on specific defective signaling pathways or mutations. Advances in genomic technologies and cell biology have led to identification of new therapeutic targets associated with signal-transduction pathways. Survival times of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) can be extended with combinations of conventional cytotoxic agents and targeted therapies. Targeting EGFR- and VEGFR-signaling systems has been the major focus for treatment of metastatic CRC. However, there are still limitations in their clinical application, and new and better drug combinations are needed. This review provides information on EGFR and VEGF inhibitors, new therapeutic agents in the pipeline targeting EGFR and VEGFR pathways, and those targeting other signal-transduction pathways, such as MET, IGF1R, MEK, PI3K, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and death-receptor signaling pathways for treatment of metastatic CRC. Additionally, multitargeted approaches in combination therapies targeting negative-feedback loops, compensatory networks, and cross talk between pathways are highlighted. Then, immunobased strategies to enhance antitumor immunity using specific monoclonal antibodies, such as the immune-checkpoint inhibitors anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1, as well as the challenges that need to be overcome for increased efficacy of targeted therapies, including drug resistance, predictive markers of response, tumor subtypes, and cancer stem cells, are covered. The review concludes with a brief insight into the applications of next-generation sequencing, expression profiling for tumor subtyping, and the exciting progress made in in silico predictive analysis in the development of a prescription strategy for cancer therapy

Induction of Th1Immune responses following laser ablation in a murine model of colorectal liver metastases

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Preliminary experimental studies have suggested that the in situ destruction of tumor tissue by local laser ablation (LA) may also stimulate host immunity against cancer. We investigated local and systemic induction of immune responses after laser ablation in the setting of residual tumor.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A murine colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis model was used. Selected tumors of liver CRC bearing mice and livers of mice without tumor induction were treated with LA. Liver and tumor tissues from the ablation sites and from distant sites were collected at various time points following LA and changes in CD3+ T cells and Kupffer cells (F4/80 marker) infiltration and the expression of interferon gamma (IFNγ) were investigated by immunohistochemistry and ELISpot. Base line levels of CD3+ T cells and Kupffer cells were established in untreated mice.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The presence of tumor induced significant accumulation of CD3+ T cells and Kupffer cells at the tumor-host interface, within the tumor vascular lakes and increased their baseline concentration within the liver parenchyma. LA of the <it>liver </it>induced accumulation of CD3+ T-cells and Kupffer cells at the site of injury and systemic induction of immune responses as discerned by the presence of IFNγ secreting splenocytes. LA of liver <it>tumors </it>induced significant increase of CD3+ T-cells at site of injury, within normal liver parenchyma, and the tumor-host interface of both ablated and distant tumors. In contrast Kupffer cells only accumulated in ablated tumors and the liver parenchyma but not in distant tumors. IFNγ expression increased significantly in ablated tumors and showed an increasing trend in distant tumors.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Laser ablation in addition to local tumor destruction induces local and systemic Th1 type immune responses which may play a significant role in inhibiting tumor recurrence from residual micrometastases or circulating tumor cells.</p

Antigen-Displaying Lipid-Enveloped PLGA Nanoparticles as Delivery Agents for a Plasmodium vivax Malaria Vaccine

The parasite Plasmodium vivax is the most frequent cause of malaria outside of sub-Saharan Africa, but efforts to develop viable vaccines against P. vivax so far have been inadequate. We recently developed pathogen-mimicking polymeric vaccine nanoparticles composed of the FDA-approved biodegradable polymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) “enveloped” by a lipid membrane. In this study, we sought to determine whether this vaccine delivery platform could be applied to enhance the immune response against P. vivax sporozoites. A candidate malaria antigen, VMP001, was conjugated to the lipid membrane of the particles, and an immunostimulatory molecule, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), was incorporated into the lipid membranes, creating pathogen-mimicking nanoparticle vaccines (VMP001-NPs). Vaccination with VMP001-NPs promoted germinal center formation and elicited durable antigen-specific antibodies with significantly higher titers and more balanced Th1/Th2 responses in vivo, compared with vaccines composed of soluble protein mixed with MPLA. Antibodies raised by NP vaccinations also exhibited enhanced avidity and affinity toward the domains within the circumsporozoite protein implicated in protection and were able to agglutinate live P. vivax sporozoites. These results demonstrate that these VMP001-NPs are promising vaccines candidates that may elicit protective immunity against P. vivax sporozoites.United States. Dept. of Defense (contract W911NF-07-D-0004)Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvar