75 research outputs found
Irrigation and Fertilization Effects on Nantucket Pine Tip Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Damage Levels and Pupal Weight in an Intensively-Managed Pine Plantation2
The widespread application of intensive forest management practices throughout the southeastern U.S. has increased loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., yields and shortened conventional rotation lengths. Fluctuations in Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), population density and subsequent damage levels have been linked to variations in management intensity. We examined the effects of two practices, irrigation and fertilization, on R. frustrana damage levels and pupal weights in an intensively-managed P. taeda plantation in South Carolina. Trees received intensive weed control and one of the following treatments; irrigation only. fertilization only, irrigation + fertilization, or control. Mean whole-tree tip moth damage levels ranged from <1 to 48% during this study. Damage levels differed significantly among treatments in two tip moth generations in 2001, but not 2000. Pupal weight was significantly heavier in fertilization compared to the irrigation treatment in 2000, but no significant differences were observed in 2001. Tree diameter. height. and aboveground volume were significantly greater in the irrigation + fertilization than in the irrigation treatment after two growing seasons. Our data suggest that intensive management practices that include irrigation and fertilization do not consistently increase R. frustrana damage levels and pupal weights as is commonly believed. However, tip moth suppression efforts in areas adjacent to our study may have partially reduced the potential impacts of R. frustrana on this experiment
Follow the money: death threats, suicides and million dollar frauds are just part of the job for this Fed bank examiner
Bank examination ; Bank supervision ; Federal Reserve banks - Auditing
"Something unanticipated happened"
Depressions ; Economic history ; Economics
A report from the battlefield. Conference attendees agree on some proposals, but no treaty
Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Subsidies
Growth brings concerns: Ninth District cities enjoy expansion, but some face new issues as growth reaches to the prairies
Federal Reserve District, 9th
In the light of public disclosure, CRA gains luster
Community Reinvestment Act of 1977
Lender of more than last resort
Recalling Section 13(b) and the years when the Federal Reserve banks opened their discount windows to district businesses in times of economic stress.Discount window ; Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis ; Federal Reserve System ; Federal Reserve System - History
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