Proton buffering and metal mobility in Dutch sandy soils : modeling laboratory and field data

Momenteel wordt steeds meer landbouwgrond uit productie genomen en veranderd in natuurgebieden. Tijdens deze omzetting kunnen veranderingen optreden in bodemeigenschappen. Veel landbouwgronden hebben verhoogde gehalten aan zware metalen. Dit proefschrift laat de toepassing zien van geochemische modellen bij het voorspellen van het gedrag van zware metalen in zandige bodems. Deze voorspellingen kunnen in de praktijk worden toegepast bij milieuonderzoeken en beleidsplannen. De geochemische modelberekeningen zijn toe te passen zowel op landbodems als waterbodem

Proton buffering and metal leaching in sandy soils

Recent developments in acidification research focused on the leaching of metals from contaminated soil. In this paper the buffering of sandy soils upon acidification is studied in relation to the release of major (Al, Ca, Mg) and trace metals (Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn) from the soil reactive surface. The buffering process and the (de)sorption of metals are described with a mechanistic multisurface model, expressing the sorption onto different soil surfaces (organic matter, clay, Fe (hydr)oxides). The pH of sandy soil samples is predicted upon proton addition in combination with the behavior of major and trace metals. Acidification of contaminated sandy soil samples, with different pH levels and metal contents, is performed in a flow-through reactor by flushing the samples with acid solution. Acidification has taken place in successive steps of proton addition and followed by sampling. Prediction of pH upon acidification with a multisurface model gives satisfying results for all samples studied. The pH is modeled reasonably well between pH 6 and 4. Below pH 4 the predicted pH values are slightly too low, probably due to the buffering by Al-containing minerals (e.g., Al hydroxide), which are not included in the model. Desorption of major and trace metals upon pH decrease is, in general, predicted well, within a factor of 1-5 on a linear scale. Overall prediction of proton buffering in combination with desorption of metals in sandy soil samples, over a wide pH range and metal content, is done quite well for the studied metals with the multisurface model

Scholarly Metrics Recommendations for Research Libraries: Deciphering the trees in the forest

The digital era has brought new and exciting changes to scholarly communication. Modern scientific libraries and information infrastructures are obliged to face these new challenges in a professional way sooner rather than later.The monitoring and execution of policies, the facilitation of Open Access publishing, and support for research data management are but a few examples of adaptation to the digital era. The use of scholarly metrics is also an emerging field for academic libraries, brought on by digital change. To foster this vision, LIBER's Innovative Metrics Working Group has set out recommendations on how academic libraries and information infrastructures can deal with scholarly metrics, and how to get started with the development of services to support this.The recommendations are grouped into four sections:- Discovery and Discoverability- Showcasing Achievements- Service Development- Research AssessmentEach section covers a set of activities, and makes suggestions for libraries which want to promote the transparent, standardized and responsible use of scholarly metrics. As part of LIBER’s focus on Open Science, the Working Group has placed a special emphasis on recommendations addressing open scholarly metrics. Throughout this report, we have organised our recommendations into three levels. Which recommendations a library adopts will depend on their current level of engagement with scholarly metrics. The levels are as follows:- Initial Steps (circular bullet)- Intermediate Steps (square bullet)- Advanced Steps (triangular bullet)The order in which the recommendations appear are in correlation with the potential importance they can have for an institution. These two indications of use were developed during the Working Group’s workshop during LIBER’s 2017 Annual Conference. They are there to assist in prioritizing, but are not mandatory to follow and are not dependent on each other