Das Kunsthistorische Museum Wien als Schmerzmuseum

Die Gemäldegalerie des Kunsthistorischen Museums Wien besitzt repräsentative Werke der Historienmalerei (Darstellungen geschichtlicher Ereignisse, Religion und mythologischen Themen). Nicht die technischen oder malerischen Eigenschaften dieser Werke, sondern eine besondere Thematik wird hier analysiert. In einer Serie von 529 im Mai 2017 ausgestellten Bildern waren 85 Abbildungen von Schmerzleidenden. Auftraggebende waren die politisch und religiös Mächtigen. Die Bilder sollten sich an ihren Geschmack und ihre Ziele anpassen. Hier wird versucht, die Ursachen und Gründe für die Darstellungen des Leidens zu erklären. Die häufigsten waren die Verherrlichung eines Herrschers sowie die strategische Unterstützung der Sozialisation und Erziehung durch Verinnerlichung der religiösen Werte, um die Macht zu sichern. Der Schmerz wird als Weg zur Seligkeit, aber auch als berechtigte Bestrafung abgebildet. Die Neurophysiologie der kognitiven Reaktionen gegenüber Schmerzdarstellungen wird noch erforscht.The picture gallery of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien (Vienna Museum of Art History) has works representative of historical painting (depictions of historical events, religion, and mythological themes). Not the technical or pictorial qualities of these works, but a special subject matter is analyzed herein. In a series of 529 pieces of art exhibited in May 2017, 85 show illustrations of human suffering. The art commissioners were the political and religious leaders. The images had to be adapted to their taste and goals. We looked for reasons to explain the depiction of suffering. The most frequents reasons were glorification of a ruler, as well as strategic support of socialization and education by internalizing religious values, in order to secure power. Pain is portrayed as a way to salvation, but also as a just punishment. The neurophysiology of cognitive responses to pain representations are still under investigation.(VLID)358844

Novel software-derived workflow in extracranial–intracranial bypass surgery validated by transdural indocyanine green videoangiography

BACKGROUND:The introduction of image-guided methods to bypass surgery has resulted in optimized preoperative identification of the recipients and excellent patency rates. However, the recently presented methods have also been resource-consuming. In the present study, we have reported a cost-efficient planning workflow for extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) revascularization combined with transdural indocyanine green videoangiography (tICG-VA). METHODS:We performed a retrospective review at a single tertiary referral center from 2011 to 2018. A novel software-derived workflow was applied for 25 of 92 bypass procedures during the study period. The precision and accuracy were assessed using tICG-VA identification of the cortical recipients and a comparison of the virtual and actual data. The data from a control group of 25 traditionally planned procedures were also matched. RESULTS:The intraoperative transfer time of the calculated coordinates averaged 0.8 minute (range, 0.4-1.9 minutes). The definitive recipients matched the targeted branches in 80%, and a neighboring branch was used in 16%. Our workflow led to a significant craniotomy size reduction in the study group compared with that in the control group (P = 0.005). tICG-VA was successfully applied in 19 cases. An average of 2 potential recipient arteries were identified transdurally, resulting in tailored durotomy and 3 craniotomy adjustments. Follow-up patency results were available for 49 bypass surgeries, comprising 54 grafts. The overall patency rate was 91% at a median follow-up period of 26 months. No significant difference was found in the patency rate between the study and control groups (P = 0.317). CONCLUSIONS:Our clinical results have validated the presented planning and surgical workflow and support the routine implementation of tICG-VA for recipient identification before durotomy