Channel Adaptive Scheduling for a Wideband TDD/TCDMA Wireless System under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions

In this paper we propose and investigate some channel adaptive scheduling algorithms for wideband time division duplexing/time and code division multiple access (TDD/TCDMA) air interfaces under heterogeneous traffic conditions. The particular case of the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) standard is kept as a reference, but the concepts provided in this paper aim at being more general. The characteristics of the TDD/TCDMA transmission system (modulation, coding, spreading and despreading), the power control algorithm and a frequency selective fading channel are considered in our approach. These aspects make the paper more oriented to the assessment of the interactions between physical aspects (such as the power control mechanism, the fading rate, etc.) and the scheduling strategies than focused on the optimality of the scheduling algorithms themselves. We assess the advantage of scheduling the different services that can be offered to the system, characterized by different quality and delay requirements, taking both the service priority and the channel state into account. The methodology we apply is semi-analytical and allows the evaluation of the statistics of the error rate of data blocks and the average transmitted power per data unit, which is a measure of efficiency from the energy management point of view. The performance of the proposed scheduling algorithms is compared to a more traditional scheduling approach which takes only the priority of services into account, and it is shown that for the typical fading rates of the pedestrian (and indoor) environments our algorithms perform much better than those not based on channel adaptivity

Citizenship for children: By soil, by blood, or by paternalism?

Do states have a right to exclude prospective immigrants as they see fit? According to statists the answer is a qualified yes. For these authors, self-determining political communities have a prima facie right to exclude, which can be overridden by the claims of vulnerable groups such as refugees and children born in the state’s territory. However, there is a concern in the literature that statists have not yet developed a theory that can protect children born in the territory from being excluded from the political community. For if the self-determining political community has the right to decide who should form the self in the first place, then that right should count against both newcomers by immigration and newcomers by birth. Or so the concern goes. In this essay, I defend statism against this line of criticism and provide a liberal justification for the inclusion of children born within the state’s borders. My account leads to some surprising implication for citizenship law, as well as immigration arrangements in the area of asylum and unauthorized immigration

Cytoprotection by Melatonin: The Metabolic Syndrome as an Example

Melatonin improves sleep efficiency and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, in part because of its function as a metabolic regulator and mitochondrial protector. As a chronobiotic/cytoprotective agent, melatonin may occupy a special place in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome.Fil: Cardinali, Daniel Pedro. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vigo, Daniel Eduardo. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentin