9 research outputs found
Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolated strains from the patients of three age groups.
<p>Results are n (%).</p><p>*MDR, multidrug-resistant (resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole).</p><p><sup>a</sup><i>p</i> < 0.05 when compared to young children.</p><p>Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolated strains from the patients of three age groups.</p
Plasma antibody responses to MP in patients with <i>S</i>. Typhi bacteremia.
<p>Anti-MP-IgA (2a), anti-MP-IgG (2b) and anti-MP-IgM (2c) responses are shown as mean with standard error of mean (SEM) for T1 (at day of enrolment), T2 (at early convalescence: 7–10 days after enrolment) and T3 (at late convalescence: 21–28 days after enrolment). Statistical difference between patients and age-matched healthy control (HC): *. MP: <i>S</i>. Typhi membrane preparation.</p
T-cell proliferation responses in patients with <i>S</i>. Typhi bacteremia.
<p>T-cell proliferation responses against <i>S</i>. Typhi specific membrane preparation (MP), control proteins phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) at early and late convalescent stages of disease in <i>S</i>. Typhi bacteremic patients and in healthy controls (HC). Stimulation index was calculated as the ratio of net cpm with antigen to net cpm without antigen (only media). Mean with standard error of mean (SEM) are shown for T1 (at day of enrolment), T2 (at early convalescence: 7–10 days after enrolment) and T3 (at late convalescence: 21–28 days after enrolment). Statistical difference between patients and age-matched healthy control (HC): *.</p
Baseline information and clinical characteristics of patients with typhoid fever.
<p><sup>a</sup><i>p</i> < 0.05 when compared to young children</p><p><sup>b</sup><i>p</i> < 0.05 when compared to older children</p><p>Baseline information and clinical characteristics of patients with typhoid fever.</p
TPTest results in different study groups.
*<p>>10 ELISA unit was considered a positive TPTest (see text).</p
Sensitivity, specificity (with 95% confidence intervals in parenthesis) of TPTest for diagnosing enteric fever.
a<p>Calculated using a two by two table.</p
Comparison of TPTest results using various techniques.
<p>(<b>A</b>) The TPTest was carried out using leukocytes recovered by various techniques: density gradient centrifugation, erythrocyte lysis buffer, and buffy coat separation. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the responses of different blood cell separation methods. RBC, red blood cell. (<b>B</b>) Comparison of TPTest results using peripheral blood mononuclear cells incubated at 37°C in the presence or absence of supplemental CO<sub>2</sub>. >10 ELISA units was considered a positive TPTest (see text).</p
Clinical characteristics of study participants.
a<p>Significantly different (p<0.05) when compared blood culture confirmed bacteremia.</p
Effect on TPTest results of different incubation periods of cells.
<p>The TPTest was done using lymphocyte supernatants after 24 and 48 hours incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at 37°C with supplemental CO<sub>2</sub>. >10 ELISA units was considered a positive TPTest.</p