Systemic secondary brain insults on day 1 of ICU management of patients with severe posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) (n = 70).

*<p><i>p</i><0.05.</p

Multivariable analysis: Independent predictors of poor functional outcome on day 90.

<p>Values of <i>p</i> in bold are significant (<i>p</i><0.05).</p><p>Goodness of fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow) chi-square <i>p</i> value = 0.27.</p><p>Area under the ROC curve estimated by the c statistic = 0.31.</p><p>The following variables were entered into the model: age, pre-existing co-morbidity, epileptic seizure, status epilepticus, GCS score at ICU admission, headache, acute hypertension, mean arterial pressure on scene, highest glycaemia value, grey matter involvement, brainstem involvement, ganglia involvement, total number of brain areas involved, haemorrhagic complication at first imaging, time from PRES onset to causative-factor control (hours), SAPS II score, duration of mechanical ventilation, mechanical ventilation, refractory status epilepticus, length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, toxaemia of pregnancy, and exposure to toxic agent.</p><p>95%CI, 95% confidence interval; PRES, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.</p

Categories of the structured Glasgow Outcome Scale.

<p>(Adapted from Jennett B, Teasdale G, Braakman R, Minderhoud J, Knill-Jones R. Predicting outcome in individual patients after severe head injury. <i>Lancet</i> 1976;1∶1031–1034.)</p

Causes of severe posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) (n = 70).

a<p>Some patients had more than one cause.</p

Patient flow chart, clinicoradiologic features, management, and 90-day follow-up in 70 patients with severe posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

<p>¥ Hypertension was defined according to the 2007 European guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension(16). Grade 1: mild hypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP], 140–159 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure [DBP], 90–99 mmHg); Grade 2: moderate hypertension (SBP, 160–179 mmHg and/or DBP, 100–109 mmHg); Grade 3: severe hypertension (SBP≥180 mmHg and/or DBP≥110 mmHg) ‡ Mean arterial pressure (2/3 diastolic +1/3 systolic pressure) § Nine patients with haemorrhagic complications at first imaging: 3 with no follow-up imaging studies, 3 with persistent haemorrhagic abnormalities by follow-up imaging, and 3 with resolution of the haemorrhagic abnormalities Ψ According to the Logistic Organ Dysfunction (LOD) score <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0044534#pone.0044534-Le2" target="_blank">[27]</a> †The primary outcome measure was the score on the Glasgow Outcome Scale <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0044534#pone.0044534-Wilson1" target="_blank">[39]</a> (GOS) 90 days after onset of severe posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. A score of 1 indicates death; 2, a vegetative state (the patient is unable to interact with the environment); 3, severe disability (the patient is unable to live independently but can follow commands); 4, moderate disability (the patient is capable of living independently but unable to return to work or school); and 5, mild or no disability (the patient is able to return to work or school). A favourable outcome was defined as a score of 5 and an unfavourable outcome as a score lower than 5. The day-90 GOS score was known in all 70 patients.</p

Patient characteristics and univariate predictors of 90-day functional outcome.

<p>ICU: intensive care unit; OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; SAPS: Simplified Acute Physiology Score; LOD: Logistic Organ Dysfunction score. Higher scores indicate a higher risk of poor functional outcome.</p>Ф<p>Refractory status epilepticus was defined as continuous or intermittent seizures despite treatment with an intravenous benzodiazepine (clonazepam or diazepam) and intravenous phenytoin, fosphenytoin, or phenobarbital;</p>Y<p>Some patients had more than one diagnosis; Values of <i>p</i> in bold are significant (<i>p</i><0.05).</p

Patient characteristics and univariate predictors of 90-day functional outcome.

<p>ICU: intensive care unit; OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; Higher scores indicate a higher risk of poor functional outcome.</p>ψ<p>as indicated by a McCabe score ≥1;</p>†<p>Focal neurological signs were defined as symptoms or signs consistent with damage to, or dysfunction of, a specific anatomic site in the central nervous system. Signs were unifocal or multifocal, and transient or persistent;</p>Θ<p>haemorrhagic, n = 6 (12.2%); ischaemic, n = 4 (8.2%) (A given patient could have more than one complication.);</p><p>Values of <i>p</i> in bold are significant (<i>p</i><0.05).</p

Patient characteristics (n = 70).

<p>PRES, Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy syndrome; CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; SAPS, Simplified Acute Physiology Score; <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0044534#pone.0044534-Le1" target="_blank">[26]</a> GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale score <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0044534#pone.0044534-Teasdale1" target="_blank">[14]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0044534#pone.0044534-Bateman1" target="_blank">[15]</a>.</p><p>Age (yr): 38±15 (Mean ± sd).</p>Σ<p>Lumbar puncture, n = 40 (57%); Average Cell count (number/µL): 17 (range, 0–320); average glucose (mmol/L): 4.1 (range, 0.6–6.6); average protein (g/L): 0.81 (range, 0.25–4.2).</p>‡<p>CT scan only, n = 12 (17%); MRI only, n = 25 (36%); CT scan and MRI, n = 33 (47%).</p>Ф<p>Refractory status epilepticus was defined as continuous or intermittent seizures despite treatment with an intravenous benzodiazepine (clonazepam or diazepam) and intravenous phenytoin, fosphenytoin, or phenobarbital <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0044534#pone.0044534-Mayer1" target="_blank">[19]</a>.</p>†<p>Electrical status epilepticus was diagnosed when the patient was found in a coma with or without subtle convulsive movements but with generalized or lateralized ictal discharges on the electroencephalogram (n = 59). <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0044534#pone.0044534-Treiman2" target="_blank">[21]</a>.</p>£<p>Reversibility was partial in 21 (43%) and total in 22 (45%) patients.</p>Ψ<p>among patients with follow-up imaging studies, n = 49 (70%).</p>Θ<p>haemorrhagic, n = 6 (12%); ischaemic, n = 4 (8.2%) (A given patient could have more than one complication.).</p>‡<p>Four deaths directly ascribable to PRES: one patient each had brain death related to cardiac arrest complicating the treatment of status epilepticus, refractory status epilepticus with multi-organ failure, cerebral haemorrhage with ventricular flooding, and brain death related to cerebral herniation complicating cerebral ischaemia.</p

sj-docx-4-wso-10.1177_17474930231205213 – Supplemental material for Evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke related to a distal arterial occlusion: A randomized controlled trial

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-wso-10.1177_17474930231205213 for Evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke related to a distal arterial occlusion: A randomized controlled trial by Frédéric Clarençon, Isabelle Durand-Zaleski, Kévin Premat, Amandine Baptiste, Emmanuel Chabert, Anna Ferrier, Marc-Antoine Labeyrie, Peggy Reiner, Laurent Spelle, Christian Denier, Titien Tuilier, Hassan Hosseini, Christine Rodriguez-Régent, Guillaume Turc, Cédric Fauché, Matthias Lamy, Bertrand Lapergue, Arturo Consoli, Charlotte Barbier, Marion Boulanger, Nicolas Bricout, Hilde Henon, Benjamin Gory, Sébastien Richard, Aymeric Rouchaud, Francisco Macian-Montoro, Omer Eker, Tae-Hee Cho, Sébastien Soize, Solène Moulin, Jean-Christophe Gentric, Serge Timsit, Jean Darcourt, Jean-François Albucher, Kévin Janot, Mariam Annan, Fernando Pico, Vincent Costalat, Caroline Arquizan, Gautier Marnat, Igor Sibon, Raoul Pop, Valérie Wolff, Eimad Shotar, Stéphanie Lenck, Nader-Antoine Sourour, Anne Radenne, Sonia Alamowitch and Agnès Dechartres in International Journal of Stroke</p

sj-tif-10-wso-10.1177_17474930231205213 – Supplemental material for Evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke related to a distal arterial occlusion: A randomized controlled trial

Supplemental material, sj-tif-10-wso-10.1177_17474930231205213 for Evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke related to a distal arterial occlusion: A randomized controlled trial by Frédéric Clarençon, Isabelle Durand-Zaleski, Kévin Premat, Amandine Baptiste, Emmanuel Chabert, Anna Ferrier, Marc-Antoine Labeyrie, Peggy Reiner, Laurent Spelle, Christian Denier, Titien Tuilier, Hassan Hosseini, Christine Rodriguez-Régent, Guillaume Turc, Cédric Fauché, Matthias Lamy, Bertrand Lapergue, Arturo Consoli, Charlotte Barbier, Marion Boulanger, Nicolas Bricout, Hilde Henon, Benjamin Gory, Sébastien Richard, Aymeric Rouchaud, Francisco Macian-Montoro, Omer Eker, Tae-Hee Cho, Sébastien Soize, Solène Moulin, Jean-Christophe Gentric, Serge Timsit, Jean Darcourt, Jean-François Albucher, Kévin Janot, Mariam Annan, Fernando Pico, Vincent Costalat, Caroline Arquizan, Gautier Marnat, Igor Sibon, Raoul Pop, Valérie Wolff, Eimad Shotar, Stéphanie Lenck, Nader-Antoine Sourour, Anne Radenne, Sonia Alamowitch and Agnès Dechartres in International Journal of Stroke</p