Balanço de massa e energia da carbonização da casca do coco babaçu em função da temperatura

The objective of this work was to evaluate the carbonization yield of babassu nutshell as affected by final temperature, as well as the energy losses involved in the process. Three layers constituting the babassu nut, that is, the epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp, were used together. The material was carbonized, considering the following final temperatures: 450, 550, 650, 750, and 850°C. The following were evaluated: energy and charcoal yields, pyroligneous liquid, non‑condensable gases, and fixed carbon. The use of babassu nutshell can be highly feasible for charcoal production. The yield of charcoal from babassu nutshell carbonization was higher than that reported in the literature for Eucalyptus wood carbonization, considering the final temperature of 450°C. Charcoal and energy yields decreased more sharply at lower temperatures, with a tendency to stabilize at higher temperatures. The energy yields obtained can be considered satisfactory, with losses between 45 and 52% (based on higher heating value) and between 43 and 49% (based on lower heating value) at temperatures ranging from 450 to 850°C, respectively. Yields in fixed carbon and pyroligneous liquid are not affected by the final carbonization temperature.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os rendimentos da carbonização da casca do coco babaçu em função da temperatura final, bem como as perdas energéticas envolvidas nesse processo. Foram utilizadas conjuntamente as três camadas constituintes do coco babaçu, ou seja, o epicarpo, o mesocarpo e o endocarpo. O material foi carbonizado tendo-se considerado as seguintes temperaturas finais: 450, 550, 650, 750 e 850°C. Foram avaliados: rendimentos em carvão vegetal e energético, líquido pirolenhoso, gases não condensáveis e carbono fixo. O uso da casca do babaçu pode ser altamente viável para a produção de carvão vegetal. O rendimento em carvão vegetal da carbonização da casca do coco babaçu foi maior que o relatado na literatura para a carbonização da madeira de Eucalyptus, ao se considerar temperatura final de 450°C. Os rendimentos em carvão e energético diminuíram de forma mais acentuada em temperaturas mais baixas, com tendência de estabilização em temperaturas mais elevadas. Os rendimentos energéticos obtidos podem ser considerados satisfatórios, com perdas entre 45 e 52% (com base no poder calorífico superior) e entre 43 e 49% (com base no poder calorífico inferior) para as temperaturas de 450 a 850°C, respectivamente. Os rendimentos em carbono fixo e líquido pirolenhoso não são afetados pela temperatura final de carbonização

Whole-genome sequences of influenza A(H3N2) viruses isolated from Brazilian patients with mild illness during the 2014 season

Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2015-11-16T16:28:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernando_motta_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 222306 bytes, checksum: 421b5d30d1c8e3eec96dc3dda24f771b (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2015-11-16T16:37:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernando_motta_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 222306 bytes, checksum: 421b5d30d1c8e3eec96dc3dda24f771b (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-16T16:37:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernando_motta_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 222306 bytes, checksum: 421b5d30d1c8e3eec96dc3dda24f771b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.The influenza A(H3N2) virus has circulated worldwide for almost five decades and is the dominant subtype in most seasonal influenza epidemics, as occurred in the 2014 season in South America. In this study we evaluate five whole genome sequences of influenza A(H3N2) viruses detected in patients with mild illness collected from January March 2014. To sequence the genomes, a new generation sequencing (NGS) protocol was performed using the Ion Torrent PGM platform. In addition to analysing the common genes, haemagglutinin, neuraminidase and matrix, our work also comprised internal genes. This was the first report of a whole genome analysis with Brazilian influenza A(H3N2) samples. Considerable amino acid variability was encountered in all gene segments, demonstrating the importance of studying the internal genes. NGS of whole genomes in this study will facilitate deeper virus characterisation, contributing to the improvement of influenza strain surveillance in Brazil

Multivariate analysis applied to evaluation of Eucalyptus clones for bioenergy production

This research aimed to select Eucalyptus clones for bioenergy production by using of two multivariate techniques, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The analysis evaluated 25 clones of Eucalyptus at age 54 months. Determinations included the concentrations of elemental components (C, H and O), lignin, total extractives and ash, as well as basic density, higher heating value and energy density. Both multivariate methods being used to evaluate and select clones of Eucalyptus for bioenergy production proved effective, there being similarities between the biomass groups formed by them. The cluster analysis revealed five distinct groupings, out of which cluster one, formed by clone U060, was found to have greater potential as a source of energy. Clones G084, G122, G023 and U108 had poorer energy performance