Chronic disease IMPACT (chronic disease early detection and improved management in primary care project): an Australian stepped wedge cluster randomised trial

Background: Interrelated chronic vascular diseases (chronic kidney disease (CKD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD)) are common with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess if an electronic-technology-based quality improvement intervention in primary care could improve detection and management of people with and at risk of these diseases. Methods: Stepped-wedge trial with practices randomised to commence intervention in one of five 16-week periods. Intervention included (1) electronic-technology tool extracting data from general practice electronic medical records and generating graphs and lists for audit; (2) education regarding chronic disease and the electronic-technology tool; (3) assistance with quality improvement audit plan development, benchmarking, monitoring and support. De-identified data analysis using R 3.5.1 conducted using Bayesian generalised linear mixed model with practice and time-specific random intercepts. Results: At baseline, eight included practices had 37,946 active patients (attending practice ≥3 times within 2 years) aged ≥18 years. Intervention was associated with increased OR (95% CI) for: kidney health checks (estimated glomerular filtration rate, urine albumin:creatinine ratio (uACR) and blood pressure) in those at risk 1.34 (1.26–1.42); coded diagnosis of CKD 1.18 (1.09–1.27); T2D diagnostic testing (fasting glucose or HbA1c) in those at risk 1.15 (1.08–1.23); uACR in patients with T2D 1.78 (1.56–2.05). Documented eye checks within recommended frequency in patients with T2D decreased 0.85 (0.77–0.96). There were no significant changes in other assessed variables. Conclusions: This electronic-technology-based intervention in primary care has potential to help translate guidelines into practice but requires further refining to achieve widespread improvements across the interrelated chronic vascular diseases

From short to long term: Dynamic analysis of FDI and net export in global regions.

It is crucial to examine the impact between foreign direct investment (FDI) and net exports (NE) for unveiling international trade dynamics, and the economic development of different geographical regions. It yields sharp insights into how FDI inflows, driven by theories such as backward linkage, export platform, and knowledge transfer, enhance a host country's export capacity and contribute to economic growth. Moreover, studying the reciprocal linkages between FDI and NE helps recognise the aspects of domestic factors, such as productivity and the product life cycle, in attracting FDI and increasing export performance. Based on those theories, the study aims to ascertain the dynamic causality or correlation between FDI and NE across all regions with the utilisation of panel data gathered from 110 countries, considering the period from 2002 to 2020. The Wavelet coherence method is used to investigate the relationship between these variables across different frequencies and periods, followed by a Granger causality test. The findings demonstrated that FDI and NE have a significant relationship in most regions, with a bidirectional relationship between FDI and NE across all continents. The results could assist respective governments and policymakers in formulating policies related to FDI flows and offer insights into how a host country can attract more FDI and boost NE

Lag length criteria results.

It is crucial to examine the impact between foreign direct investment (FDI) and net exports (NE) for unveiling international trade dynamics, and the economic development of different geographical regions. It yields sharp insights into how FDI inflows, driven by theories such as backward linkage, export platform, and knowledge transfer, enhance a host country’s export capacity and contribute to economic growth. Moreover, studying the reciprocal linkages between FDI and NE helps recognise the aspects of domestic factors, such as productivity and the product life cycle, in attracting FDI and increasing export performance. Based on those theories, the study aims to ascertain the dynamic causality or correlation between FDI and NE across all regions with the utilisation of panel data gathered from 110 countries, considering the period from 2002 to 2020. The Wavelet coherence method is used to investigate the relationship between these variables across different frequencies and periods, followed by a Granger causality test. The findings demonstrated that FDI and NE have a significant relationship in most regions, with a bidirectional relationship between FDI and NE across all continents. The results could assist respective governments and policymakers in formulating policies related to FDI flows and offer insights into how a host country can attract more FDI and boost NE.</div

STEMM Infographic Workshop 1 - Women in STEMM Panel Discussion

This panel discussion is hosted by Dr Bita Zaferanloo, lead of Shaping STEM Futures at Swinburne. It includes a presentation by Dr Ruwangi Fernando and a Women in STEM Networking panel delivered via collaboration with the Women in STEM club. Our speakers and STEM student leaders will inspire students to become STEM communicators. The following topics are addressed: • Technology - What does the changing role of technology mean for women in STEM? • Women in STEM 2050 - what does the ideal future look like? • Contribution to sustainability - What will be the role of Women in STEM? • Women as STEM leaders - What unique qualities do women bring to STEM leadership

Descriptive statistics of the key variables.

It is crucial to examine the impact between foreign direct investment (FDI) and net exports (NE) for unveiling international trade dynamics, and the economic development of different geographical regions. It yields sharp insights into how FDI inflows, driven by theories such as backward linkage, export platform, and knowledge transfer, enhance a host country’s export capacity and contribute to economic growth. Moreover, studying the reciprocal linkages between FDI and NE helps recognise the aspects of domestic factors, such as productivity and the product life cycle, in attracting FDI and increasing export performance. Based on those theories, the study aims to ascertain the dynamic causality or correlation between FDI and NE across all regions with the utilisation of panel data gathered from 110 countries, considering the period from 2002 to 2020. The Wavelet coherence method is used to investigate the relationship between these variables across different frequencies and periods, followed by a Granger causality test. The findings demonstrated that FDI and NE have a significant relationship in most regions, with a bidirectional relationship between FDI and NE across all continents. The results could assist respective governments and policymakers in formulating policies related to FDI flows and offer insights into how a host country can attract more FDI and boost NE.</div

Region-wise behaviour of FDI inflows and net export, 2002–2020.

Source: Authors’ Compilation based on reported World Bank data [18].</p

Wavelet coherence: NE vs FDI for Asia & Oceania continents.

Wavelet coherence: NE vs FDI for Asia & Oceania continents.</p

Test results for Granger causality test: NE vs FDI for African region.

Test results for Granger causality test: NE vs FDI for African region.</p