Analysis of atmospheric pressure and temperature effects on cosmic ray measurements

In this paper, we analyze atmospheric pressure and temperature effects on the records of the cosmic ray detector CARPET. This detector has monitored secondary cosmic ray intensity since 2006 at Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito (San Juan, Argentina, 31S, 69W, 2550m over sea level) where the geomagnetic rigidity cutoff, Rc, is ~9.8 GV. From the correlation between atmospheric pressure deviations and relative cosmic ray variations, we obtain a barometric coefficient of ?0.440.01 %/hPa. Once the data are corrected for atmospheric pressure, they are used to analyze temperature effects using four methods. Three methods are based on the surface temperature and the temperature at the altitude of maximum production of secondary cosmic rays. The fourth method, the integral method, takes into account the temperature height profile between 14 and 111 km above Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito. The results obtained from these four methods are compared on different time scales from seasonal time variations to scales related to the solar activity cycle. Our conclusion is that the integral method leads to better results to remove the temperature effect of the cosmic ray intensity observed at ground level.Fil: De Mendonça, R. R. S.. National Institute for Space Research. Division of Space Geophysics; Brasil;Fil: Raulin, J. P.. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; Brasil;Fil: Echer, E.. National Institute for Space Research. Division of Space Geophysics; Brasil;Fil: Makhmutov, V. S.. Russian Academy of Sciences. Lebedev Physical Institute; Rusia;Fil: Fernandez, German Enzo Leonel. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Ctro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronomico

Analysis of cosmic ray variations observed by the CARPET in association with solar flares in 2011-2012

The CARPET cosmic ray detector was installed on April 2006 at CASLEO (Complejo Astronmico El Leoncito) at the Argentinean Andes (31.8S, 69.3W, 2550 m, Rc=9.65 GV). This instrument was developed within an international cooperation between the Lebedev Physical Institute RAS (LPI; Russia), the Centro de Radio Astronomia e Astrofsica Mackenzie (CRAAM; Brazil) and the Complejo Astronmico el Leoncito (CASLEO; Argentina). In this paper we present results of analysis of cosmic ray variations recorded by the CARPET during increased solar flare activity in 2011-2012. Available solar and interplanetary medium observational data obtained onboard GOES, FERMI, ISS, as well as cosmic ray measurements by ground-based neutron monitor network were also used in the present analysis.Fil: Makhmutov, V.. Lebedev Physical Institute; Rusia. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Raulin, J. P.. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: De Mendonca, R. R. S.. National Institute for Space Research; BrasilFil: Bazilevskaya, G. A.. Lebedev Physical Institute; RusiaFil: Correia, E.. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; Brasil. National Institute for Space Research; BrasilFil: Kaufmann, Pierre. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Marun, Adolfo Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito"; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, German Enzo Leonel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito"; ArgentinaFil: Echer, E.. National Institute for Space Research; Brasi

Analysis of the Variability in the Atmospheric Electric Field and Natural Gamma Radiation in Different Weather Conditions

In recent years the analysis of the variability of the natural gamma radiation and its relationshipwith high atmospheric electric fields in disturbed weather, e.g., thunderstorms, have been important, as well as the relationship between these parameters in fair weather conditions. In this paper we analyze the diurnal variation of the atmospheric electric field and natural gamma radiation, in fair and disturbed weather conditions, recorded in the Argentinian Andes mountain (2552 masl) between April 2018 and February 2019. In fair weather conditions, it was found a higher linear correlation coefficient (R) between the atmospheric electric field diurnal curve and the ‘universal’ Carnegie curve (R=0.93), and a high negative correlation between the atmospheric electric field and natural gamma radiation diurnal curve (R=-0.9). On the other hand, in disturbed weather conditions, we reported thirteen events where it was found intense natural gamma radiation enhancements associated with high atmospheric electric field variability. A maximum of 35 % excess in the natural gamma radiation was detected, which was associated with thunderstorms and rain precipitation. It was observed a high correlation between the excesses of the gamma natural radiation enhancement with the atmospheric electric field values (R=0.80) and with the rain precipitation rate (R=0.59).Fil: Rosa de Oliveira, Rafael Ricardo. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie. Escola de Engenharia. Centro de Radio Astronomia e Astrofisica; BrasilFil: Tacza, José. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie. Escola de Engenharia. Centro de Radio Astronomia e Astrofisica; Brasil. Polish Academy of Sciences; ArgentinaFil: Raulin, Jean Pierre. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie. Escola de Engenharia. Centro de Radio Astronomia e Astrofisica; BrasilFil: Szpigel, Sergio. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie. Escola de Engenharia. Centro de Radio Astronomia e Astrofisica; BrasilFil: Makhmutov, Vladimir. Lebedev Physical Institute; RusiaFil: Philippov, Maxim. Lebedev Physical Institute; RusiaFil: Ccopa, Josué. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie. Escola de Engenharia. Centro de Radio Astronomia e Astrofisica; BrasilFil: Marun, Adolfo Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, German Enzo Leonel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito"; Argentin

Design and implementation of an improved chilled water glycol system for GeMS - CANOPUS thermal enclosures

CANOPUS is the facility instrument for the Gemini Multi Conjugate Adaptive Optics System (GeMS) wherein all the adaptive optics mechanisms and associated electronic are tightly packed. At an early stage in the pre-commissioning phase Gemini undertook the redesign and implementation of its chilled Ethylene Glycol Water (EGW) cooling system to remove the heat generated by the electronic hardware. The electronic boards associated with the Deformable Mirrors (DM) represent the highest density heat yielding components in CANOPUS and they are also quite sensitive to overheating. The limited size of the two electronic thermal enclosures (TE) requires the use of highly efficient heat exchangers (HX) coupled with powerful yet compact DC fans. A systematic approach to comply with all the various design requirements brought about a thorough and robust solution that, in addition to the core elements (HXs and fan), makes use of features such as high performance vacuum insulated panels, vibration mitigation elements and several environment sensors. This paper describes the design and implementation of the solution in the lab prior to delivering CANOPUS for commissioning. © 2010 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.Fil: Gausachs, Gaston. Gemini Observatorysouthern Operations Center; ChileFil: Bec, Matthieu. Gemini Observatorysouthern Operations Center; ChileFil: Galvez, Ramon. Gemini Observatorysouthern Operations Center; ChileFil: Cavedoni, Chas. Gemini Observatory;Fil: Vergara, Vicente. Gemini Observatorysouthern Operations Center; ChileFil: Diaz, Herman. Gemini Observatorysouthern Operations Center; ChileFil: Fernandez, German Enzo Leonel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito"; Argentin

Atmospheric electric field variations and lower ionosphere disturbance during the total solar eclipse of 2010 July 11

In this paper, we study the variations of atmospheric electric field during the total solar eclipse (TSE) of July 11, 2010, at Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito (CASLEO). These variations observed with two identical sensors separated by 0.4 km, show a significant increase (∼55 V/m) when compared with averaged values measured during previous and subsequent fair weather days. Furthermore, identical changes are detected on the measured phases of Very Low Frequency waves received at CASLEO. The latter suggests a possible connection between the lower ionosphere and the lower atmosphere during the period of the eclipse.Fil: Tacza, José C.. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Raulin, Jean Pierre. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Macotela, Edith L.. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Norabuena, Edmundo O.. Instituto Geofísico del Perú; PerúFil: Fernandez, German Enzo Leonel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "el Leoncito". Casleo Sede Observatorio | Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "el Leoncito". Casleo Sede Observatorio | Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Complejo Astronómico "el Leoncito". Casleo Sede Observatorio | Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Complejo Astronómico "el Leoncito". Casleo Sede Observatorio; Argentin

Analysis of long-term potential gradient variations measured in the Argentinian Andes

Continuous measurements of the potential gradient are being recorded at the CASLEO astronomical observatory near to the Andes Mountain of Argentina, since 2010 (Latitude: 31°47.88′S, Longitude: 69°17.7′W, Altitude: 2552 masl). This study aims to use the potential gradient diurnal variation in fair weather conditions, which we named ‘standard curve’, to examine its correlation with the ‘universal’ Carnegie curve and to investigate its dependence with aerosol amount and lightning occurrences. In addition, a spectral analysis was performed to our data. The aerosol optical depth is recorded by an AERONET station at CASLEO, while the lightning occurrences was obtained from the STARNET network. For the analysis, the average of monthly, seasonal and annual electric field curves was determined. We found that the shape of these curves is preserved from year to year indicating their high reliability. The correlation between the standard curve for CASLEO and the Carnegie curve was found to be high (r = 0.94). However, some significant local effects were also found. We determined that these local effects in the standard curve may be associated to the convective process, which is more predominant during summertime than wintertime. The inspection of the seasonal variation of the potential gradient and the lightning occurrences showed a high similarity only after removing the effects of aerosols. Apart from this, the spectral analysis exposed a daily, annual and 165-day oscillation in the potential gradient.Fil: Tacza, Jose. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Raulin, Jeann Pierre. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Morales, Carlos. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Macotela, Edith Liliana. University of Oulu; FinlandiaFil: Marun, Adolfo Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, German Enzo Leonel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito"; Argentin

Estudo em múltiplas escalas temporais da intensidade de raios cósmicos medida na superfície terrestre

In this work we present the analysis of the first observations of the cosmic ray intensity measured by the CARPET detector. It was installed on 2006 at Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito (CASLEO) in Argentine Andes. We present the results of the study realized between April, 2006 and February, 2010 about the long ´ term variations in the cosmic rays related with the solar activity and the short term variations associated with the rain precipitation occurrences. Although the short operation time of the CARPET, it is observed a long term variation related with the 11-yr solar cycle. There is a gradual increase consistent with the solar activity decrease observed in this period. The analysis of transient variations related to the rainy periods indicates that changes in the atmospheric electric field also influences these short transient cosmic ray variations observed by the CARPET detector.Fil: Mendonça, Rafael Rodrigues Souza de. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; Brasil. Centro de Previsao de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; BrasilFil: Raulin, Jean Pierre. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Bertoni, Fernando Celso Perin. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Echer, Ezequiel. Centro de Previsao de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; BrasilFil: Makhmutov, Vladimir Salingereevich. Academia Russa de Ciencias; RusiaFil: Fernandez, German Enzo Leonel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito"; Argentin

Cosmic Ray Variations Recorded by the CARPET Facility on March 7, 2011

The CARPET cosmic ray detector was installed in 2006 in the Argentinean Andes at an altitude of 2550 m at the El Leoncito Astronomical Complex (CASLEO) in San Juan, Argentina (S31.8, W69.3; Rc = 9.659.65 GV). This instrument was developed at the Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI) in Russia as part of an international collaboration between the LPI, Brazil’s Mackenzie Center for Radioastronomy and Astrophysics (CRAAM), and the CASLEO. This work presents the results from analyzing variations in cos mic ray intensity recorded by the CARPET facility during the solar proton event of March 7, 2011. Also used in our analysis were the experimental data obtained by the GOES, FERMI, and ISS spacecraft during this solar event.Fil: Makhmutov, V. S.. Russian Academy of Science; RusiaFil: Raulin, J. P.. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Mendonca, R. R. S. De. Centro de Previsao de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; BrasilFil: Bazilevskaya, G. A.. Russian Academy of Science; RusiaFil: Correia, E.. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; Brasil. Centro de Previsao de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; BrasilFil: Kaufmann, P.. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Marun, Adolfo Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito"; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, German Enzo Leonel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito"; ArgentinaFil: Echer, E.. Centro de Previsao de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; Brasi

Local and global effects on the diurnal variation of the atmospheric electric field in South America by comparison with the Carnegie curve

The study of the global atmospheric electric circuit is important to understand the climate system and this can be done by monitoring the atmospheric electric field worldwide. In this way, continuous measurements of atmospheric electric field are being recorded by the Atmospheric electric FIeld Network in South America (AFINSA). The main objective of this network is to obtain the daily curve of atmospheric electric field variations under fair weather conditions for each station, through monthly, seasonal and annual averages. These curves are called ?standard curves?. In this paper, we compare and analyze the monthly, seasonal and annual standard curves for each sensor location. The results indicate significant similarities and differences between the annual standard curve and the Carnegie curve. The similarities, with correlation r ≥ 0.9 for most stations, are associated with a global representation of the global electrical circuit and the differences due to local effects, such as ?Austausch? effect and pollution.Fil: Tacza, Jose. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie. Escola de Engenharia. Centro de Radio Astronomia e Astrofisica; BrasilFil: Raulin, Jean Pierre. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie. Escola de Engenharia. Centro de Radio Astronomia e Astrofisica; BrasilFil: Macotela, Edith. Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory, University Of Oulu,; FinlandiaFil: Marun, Adolfo Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, German Enzo Leonel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito"; ArgentinaFil: Bertoni, Fernando Celso Perin. Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. Departamento de Física; BrasilFil: Lima, Lourivaldo Mota. Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. Departamento de Física; BrasilFil: Samanes, Jorge. Comisión Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Aeroespacial. Dirección de Astrofísica; PerúFil: Buleje, Yovanny. Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica; PerúFil: Correia, Emilia. Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo. Center of Radio Astronomy and Astrophysics, Engineering School,; Brasil. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; BrasilFil: Alves, Goncalvez. Universidade Federal de Roraima. Instituto Federal de Roraima; BrasilFil: Makita, Kazuo. Takushoku University; Japó