Eficiência agronômica de diferentes formulações de inoculantes contendo Bradyrhizobium na cultura da soja em Roraima.

A tecnologia da inoculação tem permitido obter elevadas produtividades de soja sem a aplicação de nitrogênio mineral no Brasil. Para o maior sucesso desta tecnologia é importante avaliar a eficiência de diferentes formulações de inoculantes, principalmente em áreas de primeiro cultivo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos da inoculação da soja com Bradyrhizobium nas formulações de veículo turfoso e líquido. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em condições de campo nos anos de 2005 e 2006 com inoculação de sementes da soja da cultivar BRS Tracajá na semeadura com inoculante turfoso, inoculante líquido, um controle sem inoculação, além de um tratamento com a aplicação de 200 kg ha-1 de N. Aos 35 dias após a emergência das plantas foram avaliados o número e massa de nódulos, a massa seca e N-total da parte aérea, e, na colheita o rendimento de grãos e o acúmulo de N nos grãos. O inoculante turfoso proporcionou maior número e massa de nódulos, enquanto o fertilizante nitrogenado mineral propiciou maior massa seca e N-total da parte aérea e ambos foram superiores ao controle. A inoculação das sementes de soja com Bradyrhizobium proporcionou rendimento de grãos semelhante ao fertilizante nitrogenado com 200 kg ha-1 de N, independentemente do veículo do inoculante, evidenciando assim a eficiência da tecnologia de inoculação com ambas as formulações testadas

Agronomic efficiency of a new rhizobial inoculant formulation for use in cowpea

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência agronômica da formulação polimérica IPC 2.2 como veículo de inoculação para feijão‑caupi. Foi avaliada a sobrevivência de células aos 180 dias de armazenamento. Em experimento de campo, comparou-se a formulação polimérica com a turfosa e a líquida e com adubação nitrogenada de 50 e 80 kg ha‑¹ de N e um controle absoluto. A formulação IPC 2.2 manteve concentração de células superior a 109 g‑1 após 180 dias e, em campo, proporcionou produtividade de grãos superior à docontrole absoluto e igual à dos tratamentos nitrogenados e veículos turfoso e líquido.The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of the polymer formulationIPC 2.2 as a carrier for inoculation in cowpea. Cell survival at 180 days storage was evaluated. The polymerformulation was compared with peat and liquid carriers and with nitrogen rates of 50 and 80 kg ha‑1 N andabsolute control, in a field experiment. The formulation IPC 2.2 kept a cell concentration higher than 109 g‑1,after 180 days and, in the field experiment, it provided a yield higher than that of the treatment absolute andequal to those of the nitrogen treatments and to the peat and liquid carriers

Compatibility of the cowpea seed treatment with fungicides and inoculation with Bradyrhizobium strains

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a compatibilidade do tratamento de sementes com fungicidas e a inoculação com estirpes de Bradyrhizobium em feijão-caupi. Em laboratório, avaliou-se a sobrevivência de células nas sementes da cultivar BRS Guariba, tratadas ou não com fungicidas (fludioxonil, carbendazim, carbendazim + thiram e carboxin + thiram) e inoculadas ou não com Bradyrhizobium (estirpes UFLA3‑84, BR 3267, INPA3‑11B e BR 3262). Em casa de vegetação, conduziu-se experimento em vasos de Leonard, com os mesmos tratamentos. Foram avaliados: massa de matéria seca da parte aérea, além de número e massa de nódulos 25 dias após a emergência das plantas. No campo, dois experimentos foram conduzidos, tendo-se utilizado a estirpe BR 3262, com aplicação de fungicidas nas sementes: um em área de primeiro cultivo e outro em área cultivada anteriormente com culturas anuais. Avaliaram-se, aos 35 dias, o número de nódulos, a massa de nódulos secos e a massa de matéria seca da parte aérea, e, na colheita, a produtividade de grãos. Os fungicidas não tiveram efeito significativo sobre a sobrevivência de Bradyrhizobium, a nodulação das plantas e o rendimento de grãos, que, em média, foi superior a 1.200 kg ha‑1. O tratamento de sementes de feijão‑caupi com fungicidas é compatível com a inoculação das estirpes avaliadas.The objective of this work was to evaluate the compatibility of seed treatment with fungicides and Bradyrhizobium strains inoculation for cowpea. Cell survival on seeds of cultivar BRS Guariba treated or not with fungicides (fludioxonil, carbendazim, carbendazim + thiram, and carboxin + thiram) and inoculated or not with Bradyrhizobium (strains UFLA3‑84, BR 3267, INPA3‑11B, and BR 3262) were evaluated in laboratory. Another experiment was carried out in greenhouse, in Leonard jars, using the same treatments. The following were evaluated: shoot dry matter weight, besides number and dry matter weight of nodules 25 days after plant emergence. Two experiments were performed in the field with the strain BR 3262, with fungicides on the seeds: one in a first cultivation area and the other in an area previously cultivated with annual crops. Nodule number, nodule dry weight, and shoot dry matter weight were evaluated at 35 days, and grain yield at harvest. Fungicides did not have significant effect on Bradyrhizobium survival, plant nodulation, and grain yield, which was, in average, higher than 1,200 kg ha‑1. Cowpea seed treatment with fungicides is compatible with the inoculation of the evaluated strains

Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors and Predictors of Intraoperative Complications in Neuraxial Blocks at Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu-UNESP

SummaryBackground and objectivesCardiovascular changes associated with neuraxial blocks are a cause of concern due to their frequency and because some of them can be considered physiological effects triggered by the sympathetic nervous system blockade. The objective of this study was to evaluate intraoperative cardiovascular complications and predictive factors associated with neuraxial blocks in patients ≥ 18 years of age undergoing non-obstetric procedures over an 18-year period in a tertiary university hospital – HCFMB-UNESP.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the following complications was undertaken: hypertension, hypotension, sinus bradycardia, and sinus tachycardia. These complications were correlated with anesthetic technique, physical status (ASA), age, gender, and preoperative co-morbidities. The Tukey test for comparisons among proportions and logistic regression was used for statistical analysis.Results32,554 patients underwent neuraxial blocks. Intraoperative complications mentioned included hypotension (n=4,109), sinus bradycardia (n=1,107), sinus tachycardia (n=601), and hypertension (n=466). Hypotension was seen more often in patients undergoing continuous subarachnoid anesthesia (29.4%, OR=2.39), ≥ 61 years of age, and female (OR=1.27).ConclusionsIntraoperative hypotension and bradycardia were the complications observed more often. Hypotension was related to anesthetic technique (CSA), increased age, and female. Tachycardia and hypertension may not have been directly related to neuraxial blocks

Quantification and characterization of putative diazotrophic bacteria from forage palm under saline water irrigation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the density and phenotypical diversity of diazotrophic endophytic bacteria from the forage palm irrigated with different saline water depths. Opuntia stricta (IPA-200016) received five depths of saline water (L1: 80%. ETo; L2: 60%.ETo; L3: 40%; ETo; L4: 20%; ETo and, L5: 0% ETo, where ETo is the reference evapotranspiration). The roots were collected in the field, disinfected, grounded and serial diluted from 10-1 to 10-4. The total concentration of diazotrophic bacteria was determined by the most probable number method (MPN) and the isolated bacteria were characterized phenotipically. The concentration of bacteria found in forage palm roots ranged from 0.36 x 104 to 109.89 104 cells per gram of root, with highest occurrence on the 60 and 80% ETo. In the dendrogram of similarity it was possible to observe the formation of 24 phenotypic groups with 100% similarity. All bacteria presented similarity superior to 40%. Among these groups, 14 are rare groups, formed by only a single bacterial isolate. In the Semi-Arid conditions, the forage palm that receives the highest amount of saline water, presents a higher density of putative nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria with high phenotypic diversity