Impacto da meningite entre os anos de 2010 a 2020 no Brasil: um estudo documental

Introduction: meningitis is an infection that affects the membranes that line the brain and spinal cord, being included in the National List of Compulsory Reporting Diseases. Objective: to investigate the epidemiological profile of people affected by meningitis in Brazil, between the years 2010 to 2020. Materials and methods: This is an epidemiological, retrospective, analytical and documentary study, through which information about confirmed cases in Brazil were extracted through the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). For statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (version 20.0) was used. Results: In the period analyzed, 187,508 cases of meningitis were reported, with 2012 being the year with the highest number of cases (11.6%). The region with the highest number of deaths was the Southeast (54.2%), with São Paulo as the state with the highest number of notifications (41%). The profile was predominantly composed of male individuals (59.1%), aged between ≤1 to 9 years (47%) and viral etiology (45.5%). The chemocytological method was the most used (60.9%), in which patients progressed to discharge (75.8%). In addition, bacterial meningitis (1.8/100,000 population) had the highest mortality rate, while meningococcemia had the highest fatality rate (36.7%). There was a positive statistical association between the variables: number of deaths and age group, number of deaths and gender and number of deaths and etiology. Conclusion: it is essential to adopt public policies aimed at populations at risk, and this study is useful in the construction of such projects.Introdução: a meningite é uma infecção que afeta as membranas as quais revestem o encéfalo e a medula espinhal, sendo incluída na Lista Nacional de Doenças de Notificação Compulsória. Objetivo: investigar o perfil epidemiológico de acometidos por meningite noBrasil, entre os anos de 2010 a 2020. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, retrospectivo, analítico e documental, pelo qual as informações acerca dos casos confirmados no Brasil foram extraídas através do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). Para análise estatística foi utilizado o software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (versão 20.0). Resultados: no período analisado, foram notificados 187.508 casos de meningite, sendo 2012 o ano com maior número de casos (11,6%). A região que apresentou o maior número de mortes foi sudeste (54,2%), possuindo São Paulo como o estado de maior número de notificações (41%). O perfil foi composto, predominantemente, por indivíduos do gênero masculino (59,1%), com faixa etária entre ≤1 a 9 anos (47%) e etiologia viral (45,5%). O método quimiocitológico foi o mais utilizado (60,9%), o qual os enfermos evoluíam a alta (75,8%). Além disso, a meningite bacteriana apresentou a maior taxa de mortalidade (1,8/100.000 habitantes), enquanto a meningococcemia a maior taxa de letalidade (36,7%). Houve associação estatística positiva entre as variáveis: número de óbitos e faixa etária, número de óbitos e gênero e, número de óbitos e etiologia. Conclusão: é essencial a adoção de políticas públicas com escopo às populações de risco, sendo esse estudo, profícuo na construção de tais projetos

Synergistic antibacterial activity of monoterpenes in combination with conventional antimicrobials against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

Introduction: bacterial infections are a public health problem. Besides, the emergence of strains resistant to antimicrobials hascontributed to the search for new alternatives, such for the terpenes with antimicrobial potential. Objectives: the objective of thisstudy was to determine the possible interaction of isolated monoterpenes (-)-Carveol, Geraniol, Citronellol, α-terpineol, R-(-) Carvone,(-)-Menthol, Linalool, D-Dihydrocarvone, and (-)-Terpine-4-ol with conventional antimicrobials (Chloramphenicol, Minocycline,Amoxicillin and Ciprofloxacin) when they are evaluated on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Methodology: the minimum inhibitory concentrations of these test drugswere determined using the microdilution method. The Checkerboard method was used to assess the interactions, by determiningthe fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC index). Results: aamong the monoterpenes, only Carveol, Citronellol, and Geraniolpresented antimicrobial activity (MIC < 1024 μg/mL). They presented synergistic effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-9027(FIC index ≤ 0.5) when in combination with Minocycline. Conclusion: this study contributes to the development of new approachesto control bacterial resistance and to the possibility of discovering new drugs