Numerical solution of open string field theory in Schnabl gauge

Using traditional Virasoro $L_0$ level-truncation computations, we evaluate the open bosonic string field theory action up to level $(10,30)$. Extremizing this level-truncated potential, we construct a numerical solution for tachyon condensation in Schnabl gauge. We find that the energy associated to the numerical solution overshoots the expected value $-1$ at level $L=6$. Extrapolating the level-truncation data for $L\leq 10$ to estimate the vacuum energies for $L > 10$, we predict that the energy reaches a minimum value at $L \sim 12$, and then turns back to approach $-1$ asymptotically as $L \rightarrow \infty$. Furthermore, we analyze the tachyon vacuum expectation value (vev), for which by extrapolating its corresponding level-truncation data, we predict that the tachyon vev reaches a minimum value at $L \sim 26$, and then turns back to approach the expected analytical result as $L \rightarrow \infty$.Comment: 37 pages, 9 figures, some typos correcte

Surgical Treatment of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis: The Role of the IVC Filter

IntroductionIntravenous leiomyomatosis is a rare, life-threatening intravenous tumor associated with uterine leiomyomata.ReportThis report describes the case of a 45-year-old woman with a history of weakness and exertional dyspnea, and an extensive intracaval mass extending to the right side of the heart. The tumor was successfully removed in a two-stage surgical procedure with an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter deployed before the second stage. An extensive DVT was observed postoperatively.DiscussionSurgical removal is the only effective treatment for intravenous leiomyomatosis, and the rate of recurrence remains unclear. An IVC filter should be placed routinely to prevent postoperative or late (in case of recurrence) pulmonary embolism

Affiliative Subgroups in Preschool Classrooms: Integrating Constructs and Methods from Social Ethology and Sociometric Traditions

Recent studies of school-age children and adolescents have used social network analyses to characterize selection and socialization aspects of peer groups. Fewer network studies have been reported for preschool classrooms and many of those have focused on structural descriptions of peer networks, and/or, on selection processes rather than on social functions of subgroup membership. In this study we started by identifying and describing different types of affiliative subgroups (HMP- high mutual proximity, LMP- low mutual proximity, and ungrouped children) in a sample of 240 Portuguese preschool children using nearest neighbor observations. Next, we used additional behavioral observations and sociometric data to show that HMP and LMP subgroups are functionally distinct: HMP subgroups appear to reflect friendship relations, whereas LMP subgroups appear to reflect common social goals, but without strong, within-subgroup dyadic ties. Finally, we examined the longitudinal implications of subgroup membership and show that children classified as HMP in consecutive years had more reciprocated friendships than did children whose subgroup classification changed from LMP or ungrouped to HMP. These results extend previous findings reported for North American peer groups

Affiliative Subgroups in Preschool Classrooms: Integrating Constructs and Methods from Social Ethology and Sociometric Traditions

Recent studies of school-age children and adolescents have used social network analyses to characterize selection and socialization aspects of peer groups. Fewer network studies have been reported for preschool classrooms and many of those have focused on structural descriptions of peer networks, and/or, on selection processes rather than on social functions of subgroup membership. In this study we started by identifying and describing different types of affiliative subgroups (HMP- high mutual proximity, LMP- low mutual proximity, and ungrouped children) in a sample of 240 Portuguese preschool children using nearest neighbor observations. Next, we used additional behavioral observations and sociometric data to show that HMP and LMP subgroups are functionally distinct: HMP subgroups appear to reflect friendship relations, whereas LMP subgroups appear to reflect common social goals, but without strong, within-subgroup dyadic ties. Finally, we examined the longitudinal implications of subgroup membership and show that children classified as HMP in consecutive years had more reciprocated friendships than did children whose subgroup classification changed from LMP or ungrouped to HMP. These results extend previous findings reported for North American peer groups

Sorghum in Brazil.

The area planted to grain sorghum in Brazil has increased since 1970. The major production areas are the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Sao Paulo. Even though the national average yield is 2.5 tonne/ha, results of national trials indicate that this yield can be doubled. The use of sorghum grain in animal feed, at the rate of 8% of the ration, will create a demand of 1 million tonnes of sorghum grown on 400 000 ha by 1980. Recent problems in seed production have restricted the expansion of sorghum. Even though the potential for 1978/1979 is in excess of 1 million ha, the area planted probably will not exceed 200 000 ha due to seed shortages. Forage sorghum is being used in some regions, and sweet sorghum appears to be excellent for the production of alcohol used as a fuel mixture with gasoline. The principal diseases are anthracnose, rust, sorghum downy mildew, and grain "weathering". Sorghum research in Brazil is coordinated by the National Maize and Sorghum Research Center which is a part of the Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural Research (EMBRAPA). This research is organized in 13 subprojects. In 1977, two grain hybrids, two forage hybrids, and five sweet sorghum varieties with good agronomic characteristics and disease resistance were released to the farmer. Additional hybrids and genetic material will be released in 1979