Doppler prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in intrauterine growth restriction

Background: Objective of current study was to determine and compare the diagnostic performance of Doppler ultrasonography of the fetal Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) and Umbilical Artery (UA) for prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in suspected intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).Methods: Fifty singleton pregnancies in third trimester of pregnancy with suspected intrauterine growth restriction were examined with Doppler ultrasonography of fetal MCA and UA.Results: Twenty patients of the fifty included patients had at least one major or minor adverse outcome. Major adverse outcome included perinatal deaths which included both intrauterine deaths and early neonatal deaths, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, pulmonary hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis and septicemia. Minor outcomes included cesarean section for fetal distress, Apgar score below 7 at 5 minutes and admission to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for treatment. MCA PI is the most sensitive(90%) index in predicting any adverse perinatal outcome i.e. including both major and minor outcomes, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and specificity being greatest for MCA/UA PI (96.6%, 93.7%). For the major adverse outcome most sensitive (86.6%) most specific (91.4%) and with highest PPV (81.2%) and NPV (94.1%), is MCA/UA PI. Ratio of MCA/UAPI is more sensitive (90%) than PI of both the arteries alone for overall prediction of adverse perinatal outcome.Conclusions: Thus we conclude that the Doppler studies of the multiple vessels in the fetoplacental unit can help in the monitoring of the compromised fetus and can help us predicting neonatal morbidity. This may be helpful in determining the optimal time of deliveries in pregnancies complicated by IUGR

Elasmobranch conservation, challenges and management strategy in India: recommendations from a national consultative meeting

Historically, India has been projected as one of the major elasmobranch fishing nations in the world. However, management and conservation efforts are not commensurate with this trend. Along with the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, several generic conservation measures are in place at the regional/local level. But India is still a long way from meeting global conservation commitments. We present here the status of elasmobranch management and conservation in India, with the specific objec-tive of identifying the gaps in the existing set-up. We also present recommendations based on a national consultative workshop held at the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, in February 2020. We recommend the implementation of a National Plan of Action (NPOA-Sharks) and more in-clusive governance and policymaking for elasmobranch conservation in India

Some interesting breeding records for Pong Dam Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh, India

Volume: 29Start Page: 141End Page: 14

Postcontrast Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) Sequence MR Imaging in Detecting Intracranial Pathology

Background. Imaging sequences for detection of meningeal and parenchymal lesions are critical in intracranial pathology. Our study analysed FLAIR MRI sequence for evaluating postcontrast enhancement. Objectives. FLAIR imaging sequences have been used in evaluation of enhancement in the brain. We conducted a study of FLAIR imaging sequences to better delineate postcontrast enhancement. Materials and Methods. In this prospective hospital-based observational study, postcontrast T1 MTC and delayed postcontrast T2 FLAIR and T1 FLAIR images of 66 patients with intracranial pathology were assessed by experienced radiologists from November 2017 to November 2019. Results. 28 cases of meningeal enhancement were identified in delayed postcontrast T2 FLAIR images. Low-grade gliomas included in the study showed postcontrast enhancement on postcontrast T1 MTC images. Multiple sclerosis lesions were better seen on postcontrast T1 FLAIR. In extraaxial lesions of 11 cases of meningioma, brighter enhancement was seen on delayed postcontrast T2 FLAIR images. Conclusion. We found that delayed postcontrast T2 FLAIR was better in detection of meningeal enhancement in infectious meningitis and in meningitis carcinomatosis than T1 MTC images. In delayed postcontrast T2 FLAIR images, intra-axial parenchyma lesions appeared more conspicuous or similar to T1 MTC images. Delayed postcontrast T1 FLAIR images provided better anatomic delineation of intra-axial lesions

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Not AvailableTropical trawling fi sheries are often implicated with the generation of large quantities of by-catch. The Sindhudurg coast of Maharashtra is an important trawl landing centre along the West coast and about 317 trawlers operate from three major landing centres of this region. Square mesh codends are widely tested and recommended as effective gear based on technical measure for the reduction of by-catch, often constituted by juveniles of commercially important species, and affecting the fi shery. This paper reports the results of a study conducted along the Sindhudurg coast using square and diamond mesh codends of 30 mm size and 1.25 mm thickness.A total of 38 hauls using diamond mesh and 44 using square mesh codends were used for the analysis. The mean CPUE – Catch Per Unit Effort, (kg.h.-1) for diamond mesh (18.77) and square mesh codend (19.48)fi tted trawls, were not signifi cantly different (KruskalWallis chi-squared = 0.058711, df = 1, p-value = 0.81).The increase in the mean length of 12 out of the 15 commercially important species studied increased by 7.85%. The rate of escape was 0.76 kg per hour, from the square mesh codends, which is 3.9% of the total catch (2,142.4 kg) retained and valued at INR 28.5 per haul. By-catch generated per haul, was significantly higher during the months of December (43.5±9.3 SD) and January (56.3±17.1 SD) and the by-catch during months of September, October and November were less than 20.0 kg/haul. The study concludes that installation of square mesh codends did not affect the performance of the gear. The selection properties of the trawl net improved and no significant loss was incurred due to the use of square mesh codends. Though, mesh size optimization for multiple species in the codend and the modelling for the future value of the escapees were not worked out, based on the analysis carried out, it is recommended that traditional diamond mesh codends can be replaced with square mesh codends, as an easy and inexpensive technical measure for management of trawl fisheries along the Sindhudurg coast.Not Availabl

Validity of ultrasound with color Doppler to differentiate between benign and malignant ovarian tumours

Objective To assess the utility of ultrasound and color Doppler and the Accuracy of International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) group classification in the preoperative evaluation of ovarian neoplasms to assess benign or malignant histopathology in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors. Methods This observational longitudinal prospective analysis of 60 patients was performed over a period of 2 years (2017–2019). The mean age of the patients was 43.75 years. Ultrasonography of ovarian masses were evaluated, and cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) levels were evaluated. Based on the IOTA classification, the B and M features of adnexal masses were studied. Color Doppler imaging was performed to evaluate the patterns of vascularity and indices. Results Sixty patients with 35 benign, 23 malignant, and two borderline lesions were included in the study. In malignant lesions, 17 women (73.9%) were above the age of 45. The CA-125 cut off was ≥35 internatioal units/mL. Based on the IOTA classification, 27/35 (77.1%) benign cases, were correctly identified as benign, 6/35 (17.1%) benign cases were incorrectly identified as malignant, and two (5.7%) were found to be inconclusive. In the malignant group, 17 of the 23 patients were identified as having malignancy. Color Doppler showed three (18.8%) benign tumors had a pulsatality index (PI) of <0.8 and 21 malignant tumors had a PI of <0.8. Four benign tumors had an resistive index (RI) of <0.6 and 100% of malignant tumors had an RI <0.6. Conclusion The IOTA classification is a reliable scoring system for adnexal masses, and color Doppler can help to minimize interobserver variation