Acute kidney injury and progression of renal failure after fetal programming in the offspring of diabetic rats

BACKGROUND: Diseases of adulthood, such as diabetes and hypertension, may be related to changes during pregnancy, particularly in kidney. We hypothesized that acute kidney injury progresses more rapidly in cases of fetal programming.METHODS: Diabetic dams' offspring were divided into: CC (controls, receiving vehicle); DC (diabetics, receiving vehicle); CA (controls receiving folic Acid solution, 250 mg/kg); and DA (diabetics receiving folic acid solution). Renal function tests, morphometry, gene, and protein expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT) markers were analyzed by qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively.RESULTS: Creatinine, urea, Bowman's space, and EMT markers were increased in CA and DA groups. TGF-beta 3,actin,and fibronectin expression was higher in CA and DA, with significant increase in DA compared to CA 2-mo offspring. There was higher expression level ofTGF-beta 1,TGF-beta 3, fibronectin, and vimentin in the offspring of diabetic dams at 5 mo. Increases in TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 3 were more evident in the offspring of diabetic dams.CONCLUSION: Fetal programming promotes remarkable changes in kidney morphology, and function in offspring and renal failure progression may be faster in younger offspring of diabetic dams subjected to an additional injury.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Fundacao de Ensino e Pesquisa de Uberaba (FUNEPU, Brasil)Triangulo Mineiro Fed Univ, Biol & Nat Sci Inst, Dept Genet Ecol & Gen Pathol, Gen Pathol Discipline, Uberaba, BrazilTriangulo Mineiro Fed Univ, Biol & Nat Sci Inst, Dept Biochem Mol Biol Pharmacol Physiol & Chem, Discipline Physiol, Uberaba, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Immunol, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Inflammatory Response and Activation of Coagulation after COVID-19 Infection

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection is responsible for causing a disease with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. Predisposition to thromboembolic disease due to excessive inflammation is also attributed to the disease. The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical and laboratory aspects of hospitalized patients, in addition to studying the pattern of serum cytokines, and associate them with the occurrence of thromboembolic events. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study with 97 COVID-19 patients hospitalized from April to August 2020 in the Triângulo Mineiro macro-region was carried out. A review of medical records was conducted to evaluate the clinical and laboratory aspects and the frequency of thrombosis, as well as the measurement of cytokines, in the groups that presented or did not present a thrombotic event. Results: There were seven confirmed cases of thrombotic occurrence in the cohort. A reduction in the time of prothrombin activity was observed in the group with thrombosis. Further, 27.8% of all patients had thrombocytopenia. In the group that had thrombotic events, the levels of IL1b, IL-10, and IL2 were higher (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In the studied sample, there was an increase in the inflammatory response in patients with thrombotic events, confirmed by the increase in cytokines. Furthermore, in this cohort, a link was observed between the IL-10 percentage and an increased chance of a thrombotic event