Obtenção de parâmetros físicos e térmicos para simulação e projeto de bioreatores de fermentação em estado sólido em leito fixo

O propósito deste trabalho foi obter parâmetros físicos e térmicos para simulação de reatores de leito fixo para fermentação em estado sólido (FES), empregando rejeitos sólidos agroindustriais como substratos e fungos como agentes fermentativos. Os materiais estudados foram bagaço de cana, resíduo agroindustrial comumente empregado na FES, e um meio composto por bagaços de cana e laranja e farelo de trigo na proporção 1:2:2 (p/p), substrato empregado para obtenção de enzimas pectinolíticas por FES. Foi determinada a condutividade térmica na estagnação (K0) pelo método da sonda linear. Observou-se que a condutividade era muito baixa para os recheios secos (inferior a 0,1 W/mºC), mas aumentava bruscamente para recheios muito úmidos (atingindo 0,5 W/mºC), o que foi atribuído à condução de calor através da água. Também foram determinados os parâmetros térmicos dos leitos percolados por ar com baixas vazões, típicas da FES. Os valores da condutividade térmica efetiva radial (Kr) obtidos foram muito baixos, tendendo ao valor da estagnação, e os valores do coeficiente convectivo de transferência de calor parede-fluido (hp) foram muito inferiores aos encontrados na literatura, devido às baixas vazões de ar. Foram desenvolvidos programas para aquisição de dados experimentais de temperatura por meio do software de interface gráfica LabView (National Instruments). Também foram desenvolvidos programas em MatLab para cálculo dos parâmetros térmicos dos sistemas, tanto para o modelo unidimensional (coeficiente global U) quanto para o bidimensional. Esses programas permitiram calcular os parâmetros térmicos imediatamente após aquisição dos dados do processo. Programas de simulação numérica foram desenvolvidos em MatLab para simular o crescimento do fungo termofílico Thermomucor indicae seudaticae N31 e o comportamento térmico do processo de FES...The purpose of this work was to get physical and thermal parameters for simulation of reactors of fixed packed beds percolated by air for solid state fermentation (SSF), using agro- industrial solid residues as substrata and molds as fermentative agents. The materials studied were sugar cane bagasse, agro-industrial residue commonly used in SSF, and a medium composed by sugar cane and orange bagasses and wheat bran in ratio 1:2:2 (w/w), substratum used for pectinolitics enzymes attainment for SSF. The thermal conductivity on stagnation (K0) was determined by heating linear method. It was observed that the conductivity was very low for dried materials (below 0,1 W/mºC), but increased brusquely for very humid materials (reaching 0,5 W/mºC), what it was admitted to be due to conduction of heat through the water. Also the thermal parameters of the fixed packed beds percolated by air with low outflows, typical of SSF, had been determined. The values of the thermal conductivity radial effective (Kr) gotten had been very low, tending to the value of the stagnation, and the values of the convective coefficient of heat transfer wall-fluid (hp) had been very below to the found on literature, which had to the low air outflows. Programs for acquisition of experimental data of temperature by means of the software of graphical interface LabView had been developed (National Instruments). Also programs in MatLab for calculation of the thermal parameters of the systems had been developed, as much for the one-dimensional model (global coefficient U) how much for the two-dimensional. These programs had allowed calculating the thermal parameters immediately after acquisition of the data of the process. Programs of numerical simulation had been developed in MatLab to simulate the growth of thermopile mold Thermomucor indicae seudaticae N31 and the thermal behavior of the process of SSF lead by Umsza Guez... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Produção de celulases fúngicas por fermentação em estado sólido: ampliação de escala de biorreatores de leito fixo

This thesis deal with the scale-up of packed-bed bioreactors for fungal cellulases production by solid-state fermentation (SSF), comprising experimental steps, developed in Brazil, and modeling and simulation, developed in Germany. At flasks scale, growth kinetic parameters were obtained for thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila I-1D3b and mesophilic one Trichoderma reesei QM9414. Growth was estimated based on protein content and specific growth rates were μ = 0,06 and 0,10 h-1 for thermo and mesophilic fungi, respectively. During the abroad period, it has been proposed a heterogeneous two-dimensional model able to predict temperature, moisture content and fungal growth profiles throughout the process at any position of the bioreactor. Simulations using this model for the cultivation of M. thermophila in a packed-bed bioreactor with internal diameter 7.62 cm addressed that is shouldn't happen overheating; however, moisture content profiles could harm enzyme productivity in the vicinity of the air inlet. On scaling-up, experiments in packed-bed bioreactors employing both fungi and sugar cane bagasse and wheat bran as substrates were carried out. The process yield was measured as cellulolytic activities, as well as temperature profiles along the process and final moisture contents of the fermented materials were obtained. For both fungi, in bioreactor with 7.62 cm diameter, there was no overheating of the bed when substrate contained bagasse fibers, agreeing with simulations. In bioreactor with 20 cm diameter, an expressive radial thermal profile has been observed, with temperature increasing up to 10 ºC at bed central axis. With thermophilic fungus M. thermophila, average activities of endoglucanase and xylanase reached, respectively, 785 and 2120 U/gss in thin-bioreactor and 580 and 2070 U/gss in large-bioreactor. With mesophilic fungus T. reesei, average activities of endoglucanase and ...Esta tese trata da ampliação de escala de biorreatores de leito empacotado para produção de celulases fúngicas por fermentação em estado sólido (FES), constando de etapas experimentais, desenvolvidas no Brasil, e de modelagem e simulação, realizada na Alemanha. Em escala de frascos, foram obtidos parâmetros cinéticos de crescimento dos fungos termofílico Myceliophthora thermophila I-1D3b e mesofílico Trichoderma reesei QM9414. O crescimento foi estimado com base no teor de proteínas e as velocidades específicas de crescimento foram μ = 0,06 e 0,10 h-1 para os fungos termo e mesofílico, respectivamente. No período sanduíche, foi proposto um modelo heterogêneo bidimensional capaz de prever perfis de temperatura, umidade e crescimento fúngico ao longo do processo em qualquer posição do biorreator. Simulações empregando este modelo ao cultivo de M. thermophila em biorreator de leito empacotado com 7,62 cm de diâmetro interno indicaram que não deveria haver sobreaquecimento, mas perfis de umidade poderiam comprometer a produtividade na zona próxima à entrada de ar. Em ampliação de escala, foram realizados experimentos em biorreatores de leito empacotado empregando-se ambos os fungos e, como substratos, bagaço de cana e farelo de trigo. O rendimento do processo foi medido em termos de atividades celulolíticas, bem como se analisaram perfis de temperatura ao longo do processo e de umidade final do fermentado. Para ambos os fungos, em biorreator com 7,62 cm de diâmetro, não houve sobreaquecimento do leito para substrato contendo fibras de bagaço, concordando com simulações. Em biorreator com diâmetro 20 cm, observou-se um perfil térmico radial expressivo, com aumento de temperatura de até 10 ºC no centro do leito. Com o fungo termofílico M. thermophila, as atividades médias de endoglucanase e xilanase atingiram, respectivamente, 785 e 2120 U/gss no biorreator estreito e 580 e 2070 U/gss no biorreator largo...Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Stagnant effective thermal conductivity of agro-industrial residues for solid-state fermentation

The stagnant effective thermal conductivities (K0) of sugar cane bagasse (SCB), wheat bran (WB), orange pulp and peel (OPP) and their combination (weight proportion 1:2:2 SCB/OPP/WB) were obtained using the line heat source method. These solid materials were applied to pectinase production via solid-state fermentation. The moisture content ranged from 4 to 80% (w.b.). A conduction mechanism through the porous media was observed, along with conduction through a liquid film and contact thermal resistance between the samples and the probe. K0 was low for intermediate moisture contents and approached the molecular conductivity of water for high moisture contents. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Effect of Blue LED Light on Bioemulsifier Production in Bioreactor by <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i> LB83 in Solid State Fermentation

This study analyzed the impact of LED light on bioemulsifier production by Aureobasidium pullulans LB83 in solid-state fermentation (SSF) using pre-treated sugarcane bagasse (PSB). The biomass was subjected to alkaline pre-treatment and conducted fermentations in Erlenmeyer flasks containing 2 g of PSB that were immersed in a humectant solution with a cell concentration of 108 cells/mL. The screening involved varying LED light wavelengths (green, red, orange, and blue) over a 7-day period at 28 °C. Notably, under the influence of blue light, the process achieved maximum production, yielding an EI24% of 63.9% and 45.1% for soybean oil and kerosene, respectively. Prolonged exposure to blue light for 11 days at 28 °C resulted in maximum bioemulsifier production (75%) and cellulolytic enzyme activity (3.67 IU g−1 for endoglucanase and 0.41 IU g−1 for exoglucanase) with soybean oil and kerosene. Experiments in a bioreactor, with varying light conditions (dark, white light, and blue LED light), demonstrated that the blue LED bioreactor outperformed others, achieving EI24% values of 55.0% and 45.7% for soybean oil and kerosene, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed yeast growth under these conditions after 9 days. Our findings highlight the significant potential of LED light to enhance bioemulsifier production by A. pullulans LB83 from PSB