45 research outputs found
The CMB Bispectrum
We use a separable mode expansion estimator with WMAP data to estimate the
bispectrum for all the primary families of non-Gaussian models. We review the
late-time mode expansion estimator methodology which can be applied to any
non-separable primordial and CMB bispectrum model, and we demonstrate how the
method can be used to reconstruct the CMB bispectrum from an observational map.
We extend the previous validation of the general estimator using local map
simulations. We apply the estimator to the coadded WMAP 5-year data,
reconstructing the WMAP bispectrum using multipoles and
orthonormal 3D eigenmodes. We constrain all popular nearly scale-invariant
models, ensuring that the theoretical bispectrum is well-described by a
convergent mode expansion. Constraints from the local model \fnl=54.4\pm
29.4 and the equilateral model \fnl=143.5\pm 151.2 (\Fnl = 25.1\pm 26.4)
are consistent with previously published results. (Here, we use a nonlinearity
parameter \Fnl normalised to the local case, to allow more direct comparison
between different models.) Notable new constraints from our method include
those for the constant model \Fnl = 35.1 \pm 27.4 , the flattened model \Fnl
= 35.4\pm 29.2, and warm inflation \Fnl = 10.3\pm 27.2. We investigate
feature models surveying a wide parameter range in both the scale and phase,
and we find no significant evidence of non-Gaussianity in the models surveyed.
We propose a measure \barFnl for the total integrated bispectrum and find
that the measured value is consistent with the null hypothesis that CMB
anisotropies obey Gaussian statistics. We argue that this general bispectrum
survey with the WMAP data represents the best evidence for Gaussianity to date
and we discuss future prospects, notably from the Planck satellite
The real shape of non-Gaussianities
I review what bispectra and trispectra look like in real space, in terms of
the sign of particular shaped triangles and tetrahedrons. Having an equilateral
density bispectrum of positive sign corresponds to having concentrated
overdensities surrounded by larger weaker underdensities. In 3D these are
concentrated density filaments, as expected in large-scale structure. As the
shape changes from equilateral to flattened the concentrated overdensities
flatten into lines (3D planes). I then focus on squeezed bispectra, which can
be thought of as correlations of changes in small-scale power with large-scale
fields, and discuss the general non-perturbative form of the squeezed
bispectrum and its angular dependence. A general trispectrum has tetrahedral
form and I show examples of what this can look like in real space. Squeezed
trispectra are of particular interest and come in two forms, corresponding to
large-scale variance of small-scale power, and correlated modulations of an
equilateral-form bispectrum. Flattened trispectra can be produced by line-like
features in 2D, for example from cosmic strings, and randomly located features
also give a non-Gaussian signal. There are relationships between the squeezed
types of non-Gaussianity, and also a useful interpretation in terms of
statistical anisotropy. I discuss the various possible physical origins of
cosmological non-Gaussianities, both in terms of primordial perturbations and
late-time dynamical and geometric effects.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures; Clarification regarding g_NL/two-leg squeezed
shape, minor edits, reference updates (supersedes published version
Constraining the WMAP9 bispectrum and trispectrum with needlets
We develop a needlet approach to estimate the amplitude of general (including
non-separable) bispectra and trispectra in the cosmic microwave background, and
apply this to the WMAP 9-year data. We obtain estimates for the `orthogonal'
bispectrum mode, yielding results which are consistent with the WMAP 7-year
data. We do not observe the frequency-dependence suggested by the WMAP team's
analysis of the 9-year data. We present 1- constraints on the `local'
trispectrum shape \gnl/10^5= -4.1\pm 2.3, the `' equilateral model
\gnl^{c_1}/10^6= -0.8\pm 2.9, and the constant model \gnl^{\rm{const}}/10^6=
-0.2\pm 1.8, together with a confidence-level upper bound on the
multifield local parameter \taunl<22000. We estimate the bias on these
parameters produced by point sources. The techniques developed in this paper
should prove useful for other datasets such as Planck.Comment: 21 pages - matches published versio
BINGO: A code for the efficient computation of the scalar bi-spectrum
We present a new and accurate Fortran code, the BI-spectra and
Non-Gaussianity Operator (BINGO), for the efficient numerical computation of
the scalar bi-spectrum and the non-Gaussianity parameter f_{NL} in single field
inflationary models involving the canonical scalar field. The code can
calculate all the different contributions to the bi-spectrum and the parameter
f_{NL} for an arbitrary triangular configuration of the wavevectors. Focusing
firstly on the equilateral limit, we illustrate the accuracy of BINGO by
comparing the results from the code with the spectral dependence of the
bi-spectrum expected in power law inflation. Then, considering an arbitrary
triangular configuration, we contrast the numerical results with the analytical
expression available in the slow roll limit, for, say, the case of the
conventional quadratic potential. Considering a non-trivial scenario involving
deviations from slow roll, we compare the results from the code with the
analytical results that have recently been obtained in the case of the
Starobinsky model in the equilateral limit. As an immediate application, we
utilize BINGO to examine of the power of the non-Gaussianity parameter f_{NL}
to discriminate between various inflationary models that admit departures from
slow roll and lead to similar features in the scalar power spectrum. We close
with a summary and discussion on the implications of the results we obtain.Comment: v1: 5 pages, 5 figures; v2: 35 pages, 11 figures, title changed,
extensively revised; v3: 36 pages, 11 figures, to appear in JCAP. The BINGO
code is available online at
http://www.physics.iitm.ac.in/~sriram/bingo/bingo.htm
Planck 2015 results. XXVII. The Second Planck Catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich Sources
We present the all-sky Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) sources detected from the 29 month full-mission data. The catalogue (PSZ2) is the largest SZ-selected sample of galaxy clusters yet produced and the deepest all-sky catalogue of galaxy clusters. It contains 1653 detections, of which 1203 are confirmed clusters with identified counterparts in external data-sets, and is the first SZ-selected cluster survey containing > confirmed clusters. We present a detailed analysis of the survey selection function in terms of its completeness and statistical reliability, placing a lower limit of 83% on the purity. Using simulations, we find that the Y5R500 estimates are robust to pressure-profile variation and beam systematics, but accurate conversion to Y500 requires. the use of prior information on the cluster extent. We describe the multi-wavelength search for counterparts in ancillary data, which makes use of radio, microwave, infra-red, optical and X-ray data-sets, and which places emphasis on the robustness of the counterpart match. We discuss the physical properties of the new sample and identify a population of low-redshift X-ray under- luminous clusters revealed by SZ selection. These objects appear in optical and SZ surveys with consistent properties for their mass, but are almost absent from ROSAT X-ray selected samples
Feeding your Inflaton: Non-Gaussian Signatures of Interaction Structure
Primordial non-Gaussianity is generated by interactions of the inflaton
field, either self-interactions or couplings to other sectors. These two
physically different mechanisms can lead to nearly indistinguishable bispectra
of the equilateral type, but generate distinct patterns in the relative scaling
of higher order moments. We illustrate these classes in a simple effective
field theory framework where the flatness of the inflaton potential is
protected by a softly broken shift symmetry. Since the distinctive difference
between the two classes of interactions is the scaling of the moments, we
investigate the implications for observables that depend on the series of
moments. We obtain analytic expressions for the Minkowski functionals and the
halo mass function for an arbitrary structure of moments, and use these to
demonstrate how different classes of interactions might be distinguished
observationally. Our analysis casts light on a number of theoretical issues, in
particular we clarify the difference between the physics that keeps the
distribution of fluctuations nearly Gaussian, and the physics that keeps the
calculation under control.Comment: 33 pages (plus appendices), 3 figures. V2: references added, some
minor clarifications. Accepted for publication in JCA
Track D Social Science, Human Rights and Political Science
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138414/1/jia218442.pd