Association of serum pregnancy associated plasma protein: a with gestational diabetes mellitus

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy that is not clearly overt diabetes. GDM has many adverse consequences on the health of mother and fetus. Methods: This cohort study was carried out involving 77 women of 11 to14-week pregnant attending in the Gynecology & Obstetrics and Fetomaternal Medicine OPD, BSMMU from September 2020 to August 2021. Results: Respondents were divided into two groups. Low PAPP-A group (<0.5MoM) and normal PAPP-A group (>0.5MoM). In low PAPP-A group, out of 16 respondents, 8 (42.1%) developed GDM and remaining 8(13.8%) were euglycemic. Whereas, in normal PAPP-A group, out of 61 respondents, majority 50 (86.2%) were euglycemic and only 11 (57.9%) women developed GDM. A total 19 (24.68%) respondents developed GDM from both low and normal PAPP-A group. ROC analysis of PAPP-A level for detection of GDM, a AUC value of 0.889 (95% CI 0.818-0.960) found which was statistically significant. A cut off value of ≤16.80 showed the highest Youden index (0.652) with 89.4% sensitivity and 81% specificity, the accuracy was 83.35. Moreover, a cut off value ≤16.80 showed PPV and NPV of 62.1% and 95.9%, respectively. PAPP-A level of GDM detected (10.32±5.56) µg/ml was significantly lower from non GDM mothers (25.08 ±9.85) µg/ml, where p<0. 001. Conclusions: Study finding revealed that maternal serum PAPP-A level was lower in 11-14 weeks of pregnancy who subsequently developed GDM. So, a low PAPP-A level (<0.5 MoM) in 11-14 weeks of pregnancy is associated for development of GDM

The effect of the maternal vitamin D level on the risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss in the first trimester

Background: Pregnancy loss in the first trimester is one of the most disappointing matters for a mother. But spontaneous pregnancy loss in the first trimester is the most common negative outcome of pregnancy. It's estimated that about 10% of known pregnancies are lost in the first trimester whereas fewer than 4% of pregnancies miscarry in the second trimester. Aim of current study was to assess the effect of the maternal vitamin D level on the risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss in the first trimester.Methods: It was a case-control study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Sir Salimullah medical college Mitford hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of September 2018 to August 2019. A total of 100 patients were included in this study. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using window-based computer software devised with SPSS version 22.0.Results: In analyzing the association of serum vitamin D status with first-trimester pregnancy state it was observed that more than half (52.0%) patients had severe deficiency (<10 ng/ml) in the case group and 14 (28.0%) patients in the control group. In total 24 (48.0%) patients had deficiency (10-20 ng/ml) in case and 35 (70.0%) in control group. Only 1 (2.0%) patient had insufficiency (21-29 ng/ml) in control group. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between the two groups.Conclusions: Maternal serum vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with early spontaneous pregnancy loss in the first trimester

A Crowdsourced Contact Tracing Model to Detect COVID-19 Patients using Smartphones

Millions of people have died all across the world because of the COVID-19 outbreak. Researchers worldwide are working together and facing many challenges to bring out the proper vaccines to prevent this infectious virus. Therefore, in this study, a system has been designed which will be adequate to stop the outbreak of COVID-19 by spreading awareness of the COVID-19 infected patient situated area. The model has been formulated for Location base COVID-19 patient identification using mobile crowdsourcing. In this system, the government will update the information about inflected COVID-19 patients. It will notify other users in the vulnerable area to stay at 6 feet or 1.8-meter distance to remain safe. We utilized the Haversine formula and circle formula to generate the unsafe area. Ten thousand valid information has been collected to support the results of this research. The algorithm is tested for 10 test cases every time, and the datasets are increased by 1000. The run time of that algorithm is growing linearly. Thus, we can say that the proposed algorithm can run in polynomial time. The algorithm's correctness is also being tested where it is found that the proposed algorithm is correct and efficient. We also implement the system, and the application is evaluated by taking feedback from users. Thus, people can use our system to keep themselves in a safe area and decrease COVID patients' rate

Knowledge, attitude and practice of type 2 diabetic patients regarding obesity: study in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh

Prevention and management of obesity largely depends on patient motivation and education and these, in turn, can be greatly facilitated by adequate baseline data on the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of patients. The aim of this study is to assess KAP on obesity among Bangladeshi type 2 diabetics. Under a cross-sectional design 160 type 2 diabetics were selected from outpatient department of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders. A standard questionnaire was constructed in local language and interview was administrated. Age and body mass index (BMI) of the respondents were 45.17±5.68 years and 25.6 ±4 kg/m2 respectively. Among them 45% were male, 38% had primary education, 25% belonged to normal weight, 1/2 of them were overweight and rest were obese. KAP score of the respondents was [mean ±SD(%)] 60.03±13.82, 79.30±8.27, 55.50±19.21 respectively. Majority were unaware about ideal body weight, energy requirement and the weight measurement techniques. A substantial proportion of the respondents considered fast food, soft drinks, mayonnaise as healthier food. Majority of them positively agreed on willingness to follow proper diet, maintaining ideal body weight, dietary management and exercise. More than half of the normal weight and overweight respondents did exercise >45 min, while 1/3 obese did not do exercise (35%). KAP score were significantly associated with respondents’ level of education (P=0.0001, P=0.007, P=0.05 respectively) practice score was significantly associated with sex (P=0.0001), occupation (P=0.003) and BMI (P=0.0001). There is a need for increased effort towards developing and making education programs focusing on empowering the persons to transform their knowledge and attitude into practice

A cross sectional study of Infectious Bursal Disease and Newcastle Disease in poultry in Narsingdi district of Bangladesh

Objective: A cross sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) and Newcastle Disease (ND) in poultry of Narsingdi district, Bangladesh. Materials and methods: Post mortem of a total of 208 dead birds were done for the diagnosis purpose. Different poultry species included in this study included broilers, layers, pigeon, duck etc. Results: Among the examined birds, 38% were found to be affected with IBD, and 11% were affected with ND. Age of the birds for both IBD (19.95; 95%CI: 16-23) and ND (122.23; 95%CI: 98.62-145.83); and flock size only for IBD (1317; 95%CI: 1175-1460) was found significantly associated. The chicks aging between 16-23 days and flock size between 1175-1460 were found to be the most susceptible group to IBD, and adult poultry (98.62-145.83 days old) was mostly susceptible to ND. Conclusion: IBD and ND are highly prevalent in the study area. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct effective control measures to reduce the prevalence of these diseases. This study can help in designing appropriate control measures considering risk factors of these diseases. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2016; 3(4.000): 406-412

Institutional capacity assessment in the lens of implementation research: Capacity of the local institutions in delivering WASH services at Cox's Bazar district, Bangladesh.

BackgroundThe influx of Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMNs) has left the Southwest coastal district of Cox's Bazar with one of the greatest contemporary humanitarian crises, stressing the existing water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) resources and services. This study aimed to assess the existing capacity of local institutions involved in delivering WASH services and identify relevant recommendations for intervention strategies.MethodsWe used a qualitative approach, including interviews and capacity assessment workshops with institutions engaged in WASH service delivery. We conducted five key informant interviews (KII) with sub-district level officials of the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Directorate of Primary Education (DPE) and Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) to have a general idea of WASH service mechanisms. Seven capacity assessment workshops were organized with the relevant district and sub-district level stakeholders from August 2019 to September 2019. These workshops followed three key areas: i) knowledge of policy, organizational strategy, guidelines, and framework; ii) institutional arrangements for service delivery such as planning, implementation, coordination, monitoring, and reporting; and iii) availability and management of human, financial and infrastructural resources. Data were categorized using thematic content analysis.ResultsThe majority of stakeholders lacked awareness of national WASH policies. Furthermore, the top-down planning approaches resulted in activities that were not context-specific, and lack of coordination between multiple institutions compromised the optimal WASH service delivery at the local level. Shortage of human resources in delivering sustainable WASH services, inadequate supervision, and inadequate evaluation of activities also required further improvement, as identified by WASH stakeholders.ConclusionResearch evidence suggests that decision-makers, donors, and development partners should consider learning from the WASH implementers and stakeholders about their existing capacity, gaps, and opportunities before planning for any WASH intervention in any particular area