Enhanced Double Weight Code Implementation In Fiber To The Home Access Network

This paper presents an OCDMA code, called enhanced double weight code, derived from double weight code implemented in point-to-point fiber to the home access network. EDW code shows that they possess ideal cross-correlation properties and weight can be any odd number which is greater than one. The point-to-point (P2P) network has been designed using the EDW code and the results are taken from the studies on the effect of distance, bit rate, and input power. It has been observed through experimental simulation that EDW codes perform significantly better compared with Hadamard codes

Weight Median Filter Using Neural Network for Reducing Impulse Noise

Noise is undesired information that affects an image. Noise appears in images from various sources. Noise reduction and noise removal is an important task in images processing. The weight median filters are extension of the median filter; it belongs to the broad class of nonlinear filters. Weight median filter is more effective form of image processing, it is the removing ability of impulsive noise. Impulsive noise is a kind of image corruption where each pixel value is replaced with an extremely large or small value that is not related to the surrounding pixel values by a probability. iv The design of weight coefficients of the weight median filter is considered as a difficult problem. The weight coefficients of the weight median filter learnt by the backpropagation with supervised multi-layer perceptron feed-forward networks and threshold decomposition has been presented in this thesis, which has been implemented using Turbo C++ language. Good results have been achieved by using program package. Results show that weight median filter based on threshold decomposition removes impulsive noise with an excellent image detail-preserving capability compared to nonlinear filter and linear filter. Restored images evaluation by using mean square error and speed. The package has been implemented using the MATLAB language. This study provides three types of filtering windows size, 3×3, 5×5 and 7×7 window size. The result shows that the mean square error of weight median filter based on threshold decomposition using 3×3 filtering window is less than 5×5, and 7×7 filtering window and the speed of weight median filter based on threshold decomposition using 3×3 is faster than 5×5, and 7×7 filtering window

Performance of OCDMA system using and subtraction technique based on EDW code

Link to publisher's homepage at http://joc-online.schiele-schoen.deIn this paper we will present a full theoretical analysis for detection scheme proposed for spectral amplitude coding-optical code multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) system that using enhanced double weight (EDW) code, the detection scheme design based on the subtraction theory with new approach called AND subtraction technique. The theoretical analysis shows that EDW code can more effectively suppress the phase-induced intensity noise (PIIN) and provides a significantly better performance compared with Hadamard and Modified Frequency-Hopping (MFH) codes

Spectral amplitude coding OCDMA using and subtraction technique

Link to publisher's homepage at http://www.opticsinfobase.orgAn optical decoding technique is proposed for a spectral-amplitude-coding- optical code division multiple access, namely, the AND subtraction technique. The theory is being elaborated and experimental results have been done by comparing a double-weight code against the existing code, Hadamard. We have proved that the AND subtraction technique gives better bit error rate performance than the conventional complementary subtraction technique against the received power level

Performance of optical OFDM systems using new PAPR reduction approach

Link to publisher's homepage at http://connection.ebscohost.com/The major drawback of optical orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDM) system is their inherent intensity noise and peak average power ratio (PAPR). We introduce a new direct detection receiver based on PAPR reduction for optical OFDMA systems that maintains greater noise mitigating and leaves spectral efficiency unchanged. Unlike standard receivers, our scheme does not filter the desired signal. In this paper, we first demonstrate that the newly proposed receiver is equivalent to standard OFDMA receivers when no optical noise is present at the transmitter. Although a 2.9 dB power penalty is incurred, network capacity is unchanged, i.e., bit error rate (BER) floors due to intensity noise are the same. When a PAPR reduction scheme is employed to mitigate severe PAPR, we show that our receiver outperforms the wide filtering strategy by two orders of magnitude. Optical OFDM capacity is demonstrated up to 10 Gb/s using a thermal source, a single mode fiber (SMF), and the direct detection scheme. A BER of 1 × 10 -9 is achieved at 10 Gb/s; further improvement is possible using a better OFDM design parameters. This demonstrates the ability of optical OFDM passive optical networks (PONs) to operate at 10 Gb/s at 60 km achieving less system complexity (via, direct detection) and reliable transmission

Investigation of enhanced double weight code in point to point access networks

© 2020 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. In this paper, an investigation and evaluation to enhanced double weight (EDW) code is performed, a new technique for code structuring and building using modified arithmetical model has been given for the code in place of employing previous technique based on Trial Inspections. Innovative design has been employed for the code into P2P networks using diverse weighted EDW code to be fitting into optical CDMA relevance applications. A new developed relation for EDW code is presented, the relation is based on studying and experimenting the effect of input transmission power with code weight, and the relation developed using numerical analysis method. This relation makes the estimation for the system input power needed more efficient. The results of the code has been explained by eye diagram and parametric illustrations from the simulated results. The result shows a magnificent performance of the code during high number of users and weight. On the other hand, the relation developed for power measurement helps to prevent power loss and consumption

Design and Implementation of an Energy Meter System for Optimized Cost using Internet of Things (IOT) Technology

The noticeable rise in electricity bills is one of the most major factors leading to an economic crisis for all parts of the world today. It causes many negative impacts on the economic lifestyle of society. This is due to the depletion of unnecessary energy which leads to financial losses for customers. Moreover, it leads to problems between customers and electric companies. Day by day, electricity bills increase further due to the increase in the number of electrical appliances, which in turn leads to an increase in the daily use of electricity. The absence of an energy consumption monitoring system exacerbates this problem. Therefore, it became necessary to develop a system to monitor energy consumption that can calculate daily consumption and display it to customers so that they can know their energy consumption without facing any difficulties. This paper aims to design and implement an energy meter system for optimized cost using internet of things (IOT) technology. This is to alert customers to take preventive measures that help limit the rise in electricity bills. The main components of system design are Node MCU, Arduino Uno (Atmega 328) Microcontroller, AC Fan, AC Light Bulb, LCD I2C (20x4) and ACS712 Current Sensor, which is responsible for sensing the current of electrical appliances. This system was simulated through the TINKERCAD program, as for the system programming, it was done through the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Moreover, the system implementation and testing has been successfully completed, and the required results have been analyzed and successfully reached. The system has performed well and is acceptable, also it can be classified as efficient, simple and easy to use.</jats:p

Synthesis of phase-only position optimized reconfigurable uniformly excited linear antenna arrays with a single null placement

This paper presents a study on the synthesis of a position-phase optimized reconfigurable linear array antenna with uniform amplitude distributions. The objective is to produce a pencil/flat-top beam pair. In this position-phase method, a pencil beam is duly generated with zero degree phases and phases are varied between −180° and 180° to produce a flat-top beam keeping position of the elements and amplitude excitations common to both pencil and flat-top beams. The amplitude distribution of the elements is kept uniform. The phases as well as position of the elements are optimized by Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO), modified Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) and Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) algorithms to produce the beam pair. The simulations are done for two Sets of elements and a null placement is included in one of the Sets. The results obtained using these algorithms are duly compared with each other and it is found that SOS algorithm performed in par with TLBO algorithm in the generation of the radiation pattern parameters and better over TLBO and QPSO in statistical values