QTL analysis of L<i>er/</i>Cvi RIL population for primary root length under 40 mM CaCl₂ condition.

<p>LOD score values from multiple-QTL model mapping (MQM) analysis of traits plotted against a linear representation of the <i>Arabidopsis</i> genome. Red lines represent LOD score values. Dashed lines indicated the threshold value. Four QTLs were identified in chrom.1, 2, and 5 and named response to high calcium (<i>RHCA</i>) 1–4.</p

The response of L<i>er</i>/Cvi near-isogenic lines (NILs) containing QTLs on chromosome 1 and 5 to high calcium.

<p>(A) Analysis of primary root length of L<i>er</i>/Cvi NIL lines grown on different medium. Data presented as means ± SD (n≥5). The different lowercase letters on the bars indicate significantly different means (P<0.05). (B) The graphic genotypes of NIL lines. White column indicates L<i>er</i> genome, and black column indicates Cvi introgression fragment.</p

The primary root length of L<i>er</i> and Cvi seedlings on different medium with high CaCl_2, NaCl and KCl.

<p>(A) Pictures of L<i>er</i> and Cvi seedlings grown on different medium (Scale bar = 1 cm). (B) Primary root length analysis of L<i>er</i> and Cvi seedlings grown under different conditions. Average values ± SD are shown (n = 5). The different lowercase letters on the bars indicate significantly different means (P<0.05).</p

Natural variation of high Ca response in <i>Arabidopsis</i>.

<p>(A–C) Pictures of different <i>Arabidopsis</i> accessions grown on medium with or without 40 and 50 mM CaCl₂ (Scale bar = 1 cm). Shakdara (Sha, N929), Cape Verde Islands (Cvi, N902), Landsberg <i>erecta</i> (L<i>er,</i> N1642), An-1(N99), Columbia (Col-0, N1092), Eri. (D) Analysis of primary root length of <i>Arabidopsis</i> accessions under different calcium conditions. Data presented as means± SD (n≥3). The different lowercase letters on the bars indicate significantly different means (P<0.05).</p

Frequency distribution of primary root length of L<i>er</i>/Cvi RIL population grown under 40 mM CaCl₂ condition.

<p>Arrows indicate the levels in the parental lines: L<i>er</i> and Cvi.</p

Image_1_Genome-Wide Linkage Mapping Reveals QTLs for Seed Vigor-Related Traits Under Artificial Aging in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum).PDF

<p>Long-term storage of seeds leads to lose seed vigor with slow and non-uniform germination. Time, rate, homogeneity, and synchrony are important aspects during the dynamic germination process to assess seed viability after storage. The aim of this study is to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using a high-density genetic linkage map of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) for seed vigor-related traits under artificial aging. Two hundred and forty-six recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross between Zhou 8425B and Chinese Spring were evaluated for seed storability. Ninety-six QTLs were detected on all wheat chromosomes except 2B, 4D, 6D, and 7D, explaining 2.9–19.4% of the phenotypic variance. These QTLs were clustered into 17 QTL-rich regions on chromosomes 1AL, 2DS, 3AS (3), 3BS, 3BL (2), 3DL, 4AS, 4AL (3), 5AS, 5DS, 6BL, and 7AL, exhibiting pleiotropic effects. Moreover, 10 stable QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2D, 3D, 4A, and 6B (QaMGT.cas-2DS.2, QaMGR.cas-2DS.2, QaFCGR.cas-2DS.2, QaGI.cas-3DL, QaGR.cas-3DL, QaFCGR.cas-3DL, QaMGT.cas-4AS, QaMGR.cas-4AS, QaZ.cas-4AS, and QaGR.cas-6BL.2). Our results indicate that one of the stable QTL-rich regions on chromosome 2D flanked by IWB21991 and IWB11197 in the position from 46 to 51 cM, presenting as a pleiotropic locus strongly impacting seed vigor-related traits under artificial aging. These new QTLs and tightly linked SNP markers may provide new valuable information and could serve as targets for fine mapping or markers assisted breeding.</p

Table_1_Genome-Wide Linkage Mapping Reveals QTLs for Seed Vigor-Related Traits Under Artificial Aging in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum).docx

<p>Long-term storage of seeds leads to lose seed vigor with slow and non-uniform germination. Time, rate, homogeneity, and synchrony are important aspects during the dynamic germination process to assess seed viability after storage. The aim of this study is to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using a high-density genetic linkage map of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) for seed vigor-related traits under artificial aging. Two hundred and forty-six recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross between Zhou 8425B and Chinese Spring were evaluated for seed storability. Ninety-six QTLs were detected on all wheat chromosomes except 2B, 4D, 6D, and 7D, explaining 2.9–19.4% of the phenotypic variance. These QTLs were clustered into 17 QTL-rich regions on chromosomes 1AL, 2DS, 3AS (3), 3BS, 3BL (2), 3DL, 4AS, 4AL (3), 5AS, 5DS, 6BL, and 7AL, exhibiting pleiotropic effects. Moreover, 10 stable QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2D, 3D, 4A, and 6B (QaMGT.cas-2DS.2, QaMGR.cas-2DS.2, QaFCGR.cas-2DS.2, QaGI.cas-3DL, QaGR.cas-3DL, QaFCGR.cas-3DL, QaMGT.cas-4AS, QaMGR.cas-4AS, QaZ.cas-4AS, and QaGR.cas-6BL.2). Our results indicate that one of the stable QTL-rich regions on chromosome 2D flanked by IWB21991 and IWB11197 in the position from 46 to 51 cM, presenting as a pleiotropic locus strongly impacting seed vigor-related traits under artificial aging. These new QTLs and tightly linked SNP markers may provide new valuable information and could serve as targets for fine mapping or markers assisted breeding.</p