Operation-related parameters of patients classified by surgical approach.

<p>NA indicates not applicable. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage).</p><p>* Segments refer to intervertebral segments; for instance, C3-7 is considered as 4 segments.</p><p>Operation-related parameters of patients classified by surgical approach.</p

A 53-year-old man who had multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy and underwent a combined surgical approach.

<p>He suffered from compressions at the C3-6 level (A–D) with a canal occupancy ratio of 54.9% at the maximal compression level (C4-5, compressed by both OPLL and the herniated disc), and was treated with C3-7 laminoplasty followed by C5 ACCF (E–H). Two years after surgery, his JOA score had improved from 8.0 to 16.0 without radiological recompression. (A) Preoperative neutral lateral radiograph. (B) Preoperative T2-weighted sagittal MRI. (C) Preoperative T2-weighted axial MRI at the C4-5 level. (D) Preoperative CT image at the C4-5 level. (E) Postoperative neutral lateral radiograph. (F) Postoperative T2-weighted sagittal MRI. (G) Postoperative T2-weighted axial MRI at the C4-5 level. (H) Postoperative CT image at the C4-5 level. Arrows indicate the maximal compression levels (B, F) where the axial MRI (C, G) and CT (D, H) images should be localized (Scale bar, 10 mm).</p

Postoperative neurological functions and complications.

<p>JOA indicates Japanese Orthopaedic Association; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid. The unadjusted results are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage), while the adjusted results (indicated by *) are presented as mean ± standard error.</p><p>* Adjusted for the demographic and preoperative parameters, including sex, age, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, drinking, duration of symptoms, preoperative JOA score, increased signal intensity on T2-weighted MR imaging, canal occupancy ratio, anteroposterior diameter, Pavlov ratio, and Ishihara’s curvature index.</p><p>Postoperative neurological functions and complications.</p

Subgroup analyses of the MCSM patients with occupancy ratios ≥ 50%.

<p>JOA indicates Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number only.</p><p>* Because of the limited sample size (n = 3), the anterior approach was excluded from the statistical comparisons.</p><p>Subgroup analyses of the MCSM patients with occupancy ratios ≥ 50%.</p

Demographic and preoperative data of patients classified by surgical approach.

<p>JOA indicates Japanese Orthopaedic Association; ISI, increased signal intensity; T2WI, T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging; AP, anteroposterior. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation, number (percentage), or number only.</p><p>Demographic and preoperative data of patients classified by surgical approach.</p