Validation and integration tests of the JUNO 20-inch PMTs readout electronics

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large neutrino detector currently under construction in China. JUNO will be able to study the neutrino mass ordering and to perform leading measurements detecting terrestrial and astrophysical neutrinos in a wide energy range, spanning from 200 keV to several GeV. Given the ambitious physics goals of JUNO, the electronic system has to meet specific tight requirements, and a thorough characterization is required. The present paper describes the tests performed on the readout modules to measure their performances.Comment: 20 pages, 13 figure

Implementation and performances of the IPbus protocol for the JUNO Large-PMT readout electronics

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large neutrino detector currently under construction in China. Thanks to the tight requirements on its optical and radio-purity properties, it will be able to perform leading measurements detecting terrestrial and astrophysical neutrinos in a wide energy range from tens of keV to hundreds of MeV. A key requirement for the success of the experiment is an unprecedented 3% energy resolution, guaranteed by its large active mass (20 kton) and the use of more than 20,000 20-inch photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs) acquired by high-speed, high-resolution sampling electronics located very close to the PMTs. As the Front-End and Read-Out electronics is expected to continuously run underwater for 30 years, a reliable readout acquisition system capable of handling the timestamped data stream coming from the Large-PMTs and permitting to simultaneously monitor and operate remotely the inaccessible electronics had to be developed. In this contribution, the firmware and hardware implementation of the IPbus based readout protocol will be presented, together with the performances measured on final modules during the mass production of the electronics

Mass testing of the JUNO experiment 20-inch PMTs readout electronics

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a multi-purpose, large size, liquid scintillator experiment under construction in China. JUNO will perform leading measurements detecting neutrinos from different sources (reactor, terrestrial and astrophysical neutrinos) covering a wide energy range (from 200 keV to several GeV). This paper focuses on the design and development of a test protocol for the 20-inch PMT underwater readout electronics, performed in parallel to the mass production line. In a time period of about ten months, a total number of 6950 electronic boards were tested with an acceptance yield of 99.1%

Experimental investigation on an ORC twin-screw expander with an emphasis on its suction process

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is an effective and promising technology to recover low-grade waste heat and output electricity. As a key component in an ORC system, the expander’s performance significantly affects the whole system’s efficiency. Twin-screw expander is widely employed for its compact structure, reliability, two-phase tolerance and high efficiency. To investigate the characteristics of twin-screw expander, a test bench was set up in a laboratory taking 120 waste steam as heat source. R245fa was selected as the working fluid. Pressure sensors with high sensitivity and accuracy were installed at appropriate locations in the expander casing to monitor the p-V indicator diagrams. The expander’s p-V indicator diagrams and operating parameters were recorded under different operating conditions. The effects of rotational speed and suction pressure on the expander’s suction pressure drop, volumetric efficiency and indicated adiabatic efficiency were studied. Results show that rotational speed and suction pressure affect the suction pressure drop altogether, which has a significant effect on the density and mass flow rate of the sucked gas. The expander volumetric efficiency is above 85% and the indicated adiabatic efficiency can also reach 82%

Synthesis and biological evaluation of water-soluble <i>trans</i>-[bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-7<i>R</i>,8<i>R</i>-diamine]platinum(II) complexes with linear or branched alkoxyacetates as leaving groups

<p>Four platinum(II) complexes, <i>trans</i>-[bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-7<i>R</i>,8<i>R</i>-diamine]bis(alkoxyacetato-<i>O</i>,<i>O’</i>) platinum(II) (alkoxyacetate = methoxyacetate (<b>2</b>), ethoxyacetate (<b>3</b>), isopropoxyacetate (<b>4</b>), and <i>tert</i>-butoxyacetate (<b>5</b>)) were synthesized and spectrally characterized. The cytotoxicity of these water-soluble complexes was evaluated by CCK-8 assay <i>in vitro</i> against HCT-116, HepG-2, and A549 cancer cell lines. Most of the complexes had cytotoxic activity against the tested cancer cell lines. Among them, <b>3</b> showed more potent antitumor effect than cisplatin or oxaliplatin. Complex <b>3</b> could cause HCT-116 cell line death based on an apoptotic pathway since it has a dicyclic moiety similar to 1<i>R</i>,2<i>R</i>-diaminocyclohexane in oxaliplatin. Agarose gel electrophoresis on the interaction between <b>3</b> and DNA indicated that it has different behavior from that of cisplatin or oxaliplatin, which has a high correlation with the ligand used.</p

Characterization of Porous Titanium-Hydroxyapatite Composite Biological Coating on Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) by Vacuum Plasma Spraying

Titanium powders and hydroxyapatite powders were used to fabricate the titanium and hydroxyapatite composite coating (Ti/Ti/HA) on the Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) by vacuum plasma spraying (VPS). The phase composition and morphology of the Ti/Ti/HA coating were analyzed by XRD, SEM, industrial CT, and three-dimensional contour profiler (DEKTAK XT). The results showed that the phase composition of the Ti/Ti/HA coating was dominated by the HA phase and a small amount of the Ti phase. The Ti/Ti/HA composite coating presented an obvious three-layer structure with different roughness and porosity. The bottom was Ti coating with a porosity less than 10%; the middle was porous Ti coating with a porosity of 35% &plusmn; 10%; the surface coating was HA coating with the crystallinity near 95%, a porosity of 32% &plusmn; 10%, a roughness Ra = 30 &plusmn; 10 &mu;m. Moreover, the TG-DSC and ATR-FTIR results showed that VPS coating has no effect on thermochemical properties of PEEK material. The average bond strength of the composite coating was achieved 32 MPa