83 research outputs found
Towards General Loop Invariant Generation via Coordinating Symbolic Execution and Large Language Models
Loop invariants, essential for program verification, are challenging to
auto-generate especially for programs incorporating complex memory
manipulations. Existing approaches for generating loop invariants rely on fixed
sets or templates, hampering adaptability to real-world programs. Recent
efforts have explored machine learning for loop invariant generation, but the
lack of labeled data and the need for efficient generation are still
troublesome. We consider the advent of the large language model (LLM) presents
a promising solution, which can analyze the separation logic assertions after
symbolic execution to infer loop invariants. To overcome the data scarcity
issue, we propose a self-supervised learning paradigm to fine-tune LLM, using
the split-and-reassembly of predicates to create an auxiliary task and generate
rich synthetic data for offline training. Meanwhile, the proposed interactive
system between LLM and traditional verification tools provides an efficient
online querying process for unseen programs. Our framework can readily extend
to new data structures or multi-loop programs since our framework only needs
the definitions of different separation logic predicates, aiming to bridge the
gap between existing capabilities and requirements of loop invariant generation
in practical scenarios. Experiments across diverse memory-manipulated programs
have demonstrated the performance of our proposed method compared to the
baselines with respect to efficiency and effectiveness.Comment: Preprint, under revie
The impact of ‘seasonal urban event’ to the hosting city’s urban vitality: case study of Summer beach and Winter Wonderland in Nottingham, UK
Hosting seasonal urban events in open public spaces has a significant impact on urban vitality. By reviewing the categorisation of urban events, this paper explains the charactersitics of ‘Seasonal Urban Event’ through time, scale, location, format, content, function, and aim. It mainly focuses on leisure and entertainment events through two cases, Summer Beach and Winter Wonderland at Old Market Square in Nottingham, UK. The research explores ‘Seasonal Urban Event’ by literature review, open data, observation, and the survey data analysis of participants’ responses. The survey result indicates positive spatial and social engagement levels ranging from accessibility, legibility, permeability, flexibility to participation, satisfaction, and inclusivity. The potential benefits of social impact have been emphasised by participants’ responses to elevating civic pride and improving the level of social inclusion. It concludes that ‘Seasonal Urban Event’, as a useful supplement method, may enhance urban vitality in the hosting city
miR-379 deletion ameliorates features of diabetic kidney disease by enhancing adaptive mitophagy via FIS1
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major complication of diabetes. Expression of members of the microRNA (miRNA) miR-379 cluster is increased in DKD. miR-379, the most upstream 5′-miRNA in the cluster, functions in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by targeting EDEM3. However, the in vivo functions of miR-379 remain unclear. We created miR-379 knockout (KO) mice using CRISPR-Cas9 nickase and dual guide RNA technique and characterized their phenotype in diabetes. We screened for miR-379 targets in renal mesangial cells from WT vs. miR-379KO mice using AGO2-immunopreciptation and CLASH (cross-linking, ligation, sequencing hybrids) and identified the redox protein thioredoxin and mitochondrial fission-1 protein. miR-379KO mice were protected from features of DKD as well as body weight loss associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, ER- and oxidative stress. These results reveal a role for miR-379 in DKD and metabolic processes via reducing adaptive mitophagy. Strategies targeting miR-379 could offer therapeutic options for DKD
A model with combined viral and metabolic factors effectively predicts HBeAg status under long term entecavir therapy: a prospective cohort study
TST: Threshold based similarity transitivity method in collaborative filtering with cloud computing
Influence of End Effect on Rock Strength in True Triaxial Compression Test
The influence of the end effect on rock strength in true triaxial compression test was studied using a numerical approach. The influence of σ2 on rock strength was isolated by using the 2D Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion that depends only on σ1 and σ3. Thus, any enhancement to rock strength with the increase of σ2 can be attributed to the end effect. It was shown that the end effect can result in an apparent σ2 effect, as long as the coefficient of friction (μ) at rock specimen-steel platen contacts is not zero and the specimen in the σ2 loading direction is squat. When the strengthening due to the increase of σ2 predicted by a theoretical failure criterion was added to the strengthening due to the end effect, the results were in good agreement with the observed σ2 effect from some previous laboratory tests, indicating that the observed σ2 effect in true triaxial compression test could be partially influenced by the end effect, particularly when σ3 was low. It is suggested to decrease the end effect to a level where the apparent σ2 effect is very small so that the obtained test results are more meaningful to characterize the actual σ2 effect.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
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