5,912 research outputs found
Universal linear-temperature resistivity: possible quantum diffusion transport in strongly correlated superconductors
The strongly correlated electron fluids in high temperature cuprate
superconductors demonstrate an anomalous linear temperature () dependent
resistivity behavior, which persists to a wide temperature range without
exhibiting saturation. As cooling down, those electron fluids lose the
resistivity and condense into the superfluid. However, the origin of the
linear- resistivity behavior and its relationship to the strongly correlated
superconductivity remain a mystery. Here we report a universal relation
, which bridges the slope of the
linear--dependent resistivity () to the London penetration depth
at zero temperature among cuprate superconductor
BiSrCaCuO and heavy fermion superconductors
CeCoIn, where is vacuum permeability, is the Boltzmann
constant and is the reduced Planck constant. We extend this scaling
relation to different systems and found that it holds for other cuprate,
pnictide and heavy fermion superconductors as well, regardless of the
significant differences in the strength of electronic correlations, transport
directions, and doping levels. Our analysis suggests that the scaling relation
in strongly correlated superconductors could be described as a hydrodynamic
diffusive transport, with the diffusion coefficient () approaching the
quantum limit , where is the quasi-particle effective
mass.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, 1 tabl
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Pulmonary diseases induced by ambient ultrafine and engineered nanoparticles in twenty-first century.
Air pollution is a severe threat to public health globally, affecting everyone in developed and developing countries alike. Among different air pollutants, particulate matter (PM), particularly combustion-produced fine PM (PM2.5) has been shown to play a major role in inducing various adverse health effects. Strong associations have been demonstrated by epidemiological and toxicological studies between increases in PM2.5 concentrations and premature mortality, cardiopulmonary diseases, asthma and allergic sensitization, and lung cancer. The mechanisms of PM-induced toxicological effects are related to their size, chemical composition, lung clearance and retention, cellular oxidative stress responses and pro-inflammatory effects locally and systemically. Particles in the ultrafine range (<100 nm), although they have the highest number counts, surface area and organic chemical content, are often overlooked due to insufficient monitoring and risk assessment. Yet, ample studies have demonstrated that ambient ultrafine particles have higher toxic potential compared with PM2.5. In addition, the rapid development of nanotechnology, bringing ever-increasing production of nanomaterials, has raised concerns about the potential human exposure and health impacts. All these add to the complexity of PM-induced health effects that largely remains to be determined, and mechanistic understanding on the toxicological effects of ambient ultrafine particles and nanomaterials will be the focus of studies in the near future
Schwarzschild-de Sitter Metric and Inertial Beltrami Coordinates
Under consideration of coordinate conditions, we get the
Schwarzschild-Beltrami-de Sitter (S-BdS) metric solution of the Einstein field
equations with a cosmological constant . A brief review to the de
Sitter invariant special relativity (dS-SR), and de Sitter general relativity
(dS-GR, or GR with a ) is presented. The Beltrami metric
provides inertial reference frame for the dS-spacetime. By examining the
Schwarzschild-de Sitter (S-dS) metric existed in literatures
since 1918, we find that the existed S-dS metric describes
some mixing effects of gravity and inertial-force, instead of a pure gravity
effect arisen from "solar mass" in dS-GR. In this paper, we solve the
vacuum Einstein equation of dS-GR, with the requirement of gravity-free metric
. In this way we find S-BdS
solution of dS-GR, written in inertial Beltrami coordinates. This is a new form
of S-dS metric. Its physical meaning and possible applications are discussed.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figur
On CSCS-based iteration methods for Toeplitz system of weakly nonlinear equations
AbstractFor Toeplitz system of weakly nonlinear equations, by using the separability and strong dominance between the linear and the nonlinear terms and using the circulant and skew-circulant splitting (CSCS) iteration technique, we establish two nonlinear composite iteration schemes, called Picard-CSCS and nonlinear CSCS-like iteration methods, respectively. The advantage of these methods is that they do not require accurate computation and storage of Jacobian matrix, and only need to solve linear sub-systems of constant coefficient matrices. Therefore, computational workloads and computer storage may be saved in actual implementations. Theoretical analysis shows that these new iteration methods are local convergent under suitable conditions. Numerical results show that both Picard-CSCS and nonlinear CSCS-like iteration methods are feasible and effective for some cases
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