Table_1_Parallel phonological processing of Chinese characters revealed by flankers tasks.XLSX

An important and extensively researched question in the field of reading is whether readers can process multiple words in parallel. An unresolved issue regarding this question is whether the phonological information from foveal and parafoveal words can be processed in parallel, i.e., parallel phonological processing. The present study aims to investigate whether there is parallel phonological processing of Chinese characters. The original and the revised flankers tasks were applied. In both tasks, a foveal target character was presented in isolation in the no-flanker condition, flanked on both sides by a parafoveal homophone in the homophone-flanker condition, and by a non-homophonic character in the unrelated-flanker condition. Participants were instructed to fixate on the target characters and press two keys to indicate whether they knew the target characters (lexical vs. non-lexical). In the original flankers task, the stimuli were presented for 150 ms without a post-mask. In the revised flankers task, we set the stimulus exposure time (duration of the stimuli plus the blank interval between the stimuli and the post-mask) to each participant’s lexical decision threshold to prevent participants from processing the target and flanker characters serially. In both tasks, reaction times to the lexical targets were significantly shorter in the homophone-flanker condition than in the unrelated-flanker condition, suggesting parallel phonological processing of Chinese characters. In the revised flankers task, accuracy rates to the lexical targets were significantly lower in the unrelated-flanker condition compared to the homophone-flanker condition, further supporting parallel phonological processing of Chinese characters. Moreover, reaction times to the lexical targets were the shortest in the no-flanker condition in both tasks, reflecting the attention distribution over both the target and flanker characters. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the parallel processing mechanisms involved in reading.</p

Additional file 2: of Prolonged preoperative treatment of acromegaly with Somatostatin analogs may improve surgical outcome in patients with invasive pituitary macroadenoma (Knosp grades 1–3): a retrospective cohort study conducted at a single center

Primary surgery data (XLSX 327 kb

Fabrication of Spherical Multi-Hollow TiO₂ Nanostructures for Photoanode Film with Enhanced Light-Scattering Performance

Spherical multihollow (MH) TiO₂ nanostructures have been synthesized via a microemulsion-based approach with titanium glycerolate complexes formation at glycerol microemulsions interface. The self-aggregation of those microemulsions induces the formation of MH TiO₂ nanospheres. Owing to this hierarchical hollow structure, photoanode films derived from MH TiO₂ nanosphere as light scattering layer exhibits an enhanced light harvesting efficiency, thus leading to a 43% increment of photovoltaic performance compared to that from P25 nanoparticle film

Additional file 1: of Prolonged preoperative treatment of acromegaly with Somatostatin analogs may improve surgical outcome in patients with invasive pituitary macroadenoma (Knosp grades 1–3): a retrospective cohort study conducted at a single center

Preoperative medical therapy data (XLSX 682 kb

Grand average of event-related potential (ERP) waveforms in response to the standard stimuli.

<p>The ERP responses to the standard stimuli/a/, /e/, /i/, and/u/at the Fz electrode were fractionated. A robust P1-N1-P2 complex was recorded for all the vowels.</p

MMN peak latency and behavioral reaction time (RT).

<p>The time of preattentive detection of abstract rule violations for the two deviant types (T2 and T4) was reflected as the peak latency of MMN. After the subjects learned the rule and completed behavioral training, their behavioral RTs for detecting the abstract rule violations were recorded. Vertical bars indicate the standard error of the mean.</p

Grand average waveform and topographical map of mismatch negativity (MMN).

<p>MMN was derived by subtracting the ERP response to the standard from that to the deviant stimuli. The topographical maps were constructed at the peak latency of the MMN. (A) ERP waveforms at the Fz electrode for the rising deviant type (T2). (B) ERP waveforms at the Fz electrode for the falling deviant type (T4).</p

Data_Sheet_1_Thrombectomy with and without computed tomography perfusion imaging for large-vessel occlusion stroke in the extended time window: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.docx

ObjectiveIn recent years, several studies have used computed tomography perfusion (CTP) to assess whether mechanical thrombectomy can be performed in patients with large-vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke in an extended time window. However, it has the disadvantage of being time-consuming and expensive. This study aimed to compare the impact of the CTP group with the non-CTP group [non-contrast CT (NCCT) ± CT angiography (CTA)] on the prognosis of this patient population.MethodsA search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the two strategies. Outcome indicators and factors influencing prognosis were summarized by standardized mean differences, ratios, and relative risks with 95% confidence intervals using a random-effects model.ResultsA total of two RCTs were included in the combined analysis. There were no significant differences in the main outcome indicators (modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days, successful postoperative reperfusion rate) or the incidence of adverse events (90-day mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage) between the NCCT ± CTA and CTP groups. The time from the last puncture appeared to be significantly shorter in the NCCT ± CTA group than in the CTP group (SMD: −0.14; 95% CI: −0.24, −0.04). Among them, age (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.98), ASPECTS (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.24), NIHSS score (OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.91), and diabetes (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.88) were associated with a 90-day independent functional outcome.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the choice of NCCT ± CTA (without CTP) for the assessment of mechanical thrombectomy within 6–24 h after LVO in the anterior circulation is not significantly different from CTP; instead, the choice of NCCT ± CTA significantly reduces the time from onset to arterial puncture.</p

Impaired STP in the DG of APdE9 mice.

<p>(A). Representative field potential responses recorded extracellularly in NTG mouse tissue. 40 Hz 10 pulse stimulation evoked depressive (decreasing amplitude) responses in the NTG animals. APdE9 mice showed sustained field potential responses with little decrease in the amplitude throughout the stimulation train. (B) Average and S.E.M. for APdE9and NTG fEPSP amplitudes during the 40 Hz stimulation. Note significant differences for the fEPSP amplitudes produced by pulse stimulations 4–10 (pulse to pulse comparison, unpaired t-test, p<0.05).</p

Inhibitory DG Cells Fail to ‘Spike’.

<p>Examples of electrical recordings from NTG and APDE9 inhibitory interneurons. (A) NTG interneuron membrane responses following positive current injection. (B) When depolarized incrementally, APdE9 interneurons showed dramatic failures at producing continuous trains of action potentials. (C) In some instances the spikes could be recovered (*) with hyper-polarization following the depolarizing current injections, indicating a possible channelopathy. (D) Interneuron resting membrane potentials (V_m) in NTG (open squares) and APdE9 (filled circles) tissues were significantly different (NTG: V_m = −72.73±1.176 N = 11; APdE9: V_m = −60.36±2.082 N = 14, p<0.0001, unpaired t-test). (E) Current vs. voltage plots, depicting passive membrane properties of the input resistance (R_in). Positive and negative square wave pulses were injected while the cells were held at −70 mV in a current clamp mode. Electrode resistance was bridge balanced and despite the difference in the V_m, R_ins in NTG and APdE9 interneurons were not significantly different (p = 0.558, Welch's t-test, df = 30).</p