3,463 research outputs found
Two-qubit sweet spots for capacitively coupled exchange-only spin qubits
The implementation of high fidelity two-qubit gates is a bottleneck in the
progress towards universal quantum computation in semiconductor quantum dot
qubits. We study capacitive coupling between two triple quantum dot spin qubits
encoded in the , decoherence-free subspace -- the
exchange-only (EO) spin qubits. We report exact gate sequences for CPHASE and
CNOT gates, and demonstrate theoretically, the existence of multiple two-qubit
sweet spots (2QSS) in the parameter space of capacitively coupled EO qubits.
Gate operations have the advantage of being all-electrical, but charge noise
that couple to electrical parameters of the qubits cause decoherence. Assuming
noise with a 1/f spectrum, two-qubit gate fidelities and times are calculated,
which provide useful information on the noise threshold necessary for
fault-tolerance. We study two-qubit gates at single and multiple parameter
2QSS. In particular, for two existing EO implementations -- the resonant
exchange (RX) and the always-on exchange-only (AEON) qubits -- we compare
two-qubit gate fidelities and times at positions in parameter space where the
2QSS are simultaneously single-qubit sweet spots (1QSS) for the RX and AEON.
These results provide a potential route to the realization of high fidelity
quantum computation.Comment: Main text (16 pages, 6 figures). Supplementary material (24 pages, 6
figures). Minor typographical errors fixed. Discussion added. Figures 5 and 6
reordere
Path integral simulation of exchange interactions in CMOS spin qubits
The boom of semiconductor quantum computing platforms created a demand for
computer-aided design and fabrication of quantum devices. Path integral Monte
Carlo (PIMC) can have an important role in this effort because it intrinsically
integrates strong quantum correlations that often appear in these
multi-electron systems. In this paper we present a PIMC algorithm that
estimates exchange interactions of three-dimensional electrically defined
quantum dots. We apply this model to silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS)
devices and we benchmark our method against well-tested full configuration
interaction (FCI) simulations. As an application, we study the impact of a
single charge trap on two exchanging dots, opening the possibility of using
this code to test the tolerance to disorder of CMOS devices. This algorithm
provides an accurate description of this system, setting up an initial step to
integrate PIMC algorithms into development of semiconductor quantum computers.Comment: 10 pages , 5 figure
Methods for transverse and longitudinal spin-photon coupling in silicon quantum dots with intrinsic spin-orbit effect
In a full-scale quantum computer with a fault-tolerant architecture, having
scalable, long-range interaction between qubits is expected to be a highly
valuable resource. One promising method of achieving this is through the
light-matter interaction between spins in semiconductors and photons in
superconducting cavities. This paper examines the theory of both transverse and
longitudinal spin-photon coupling and their applications in the silicon
metal-oxide-semiconductor (SiMOS) platform. We propose a method of coupling
which uses the intrinsic spin-orbit interaction arising from orbital
degeneracies in SiMOS qubits. Using theoretical analysis and experimental data,
we show that the strong coupling regime is achievable in the transverse scheme.
We also evaluate the feasibility of a longitudinal coupling driven by an AC
modulation on the qubit. These coupling methods eschew the requirement for an
external micromagnet, enhancing prospects for scalability and integration into
a large-scale quantum computer
2D MXene Ti3C2Tx nanosheets in the development of a mechanically enhanced and efficient antibacterial dental resin composite
The bacterial accumulation at the margins of dental resin composites is a main cause of secondary caries, which may further lead to prosthodontic failure. In this regard, this study for the first time incorporated 2D MXene Ti3C2Tx nanosheets (NSs) into epoxy resin at different mass ratios (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt%) by solution blending and direct curing for dental applications. Compared to the pure resin, the as-fabricated MXene/resin composite not only exhibited improved mechanical and abrasive results but also displayed gradually improved antibacterial activity with MXene loading which was further enhanced by illumination in natural light due to the high photothermal efficiency of MXene. In addition, the cytotoxicity result demonstrated that the MXene-modified resin did not cause severe damage to normal cells. This novel MXene/resin nanocomposite could pave the way for new designs for high-performance, multifunctional nanocomposites to effectively protect dental health in daily life
Assembly strategies for rubber-degrading microbial consortia based on omics tools
Numerous microorganisms, including bacteria and fungus, have been identified as capable of degrading rubber. Rubber biodegradation is still understudied due to its high stability and the lack of well-defined pathways and efficient enzymes involved in microorganism metabolism. However, rubber products manufacture and usage cause substantial environmental issues, and present physical-chemical methods involve dangerous chemical solvents, massive energy, and trash with health hazards. Eco-friendly solutions are required in this context, and biotechnological rubber treatment offers considerable promise. The structural and functional enzymes involved in poly (cis-1,4-isoprene) rubber and their cleavage mechanisms have been extensively studied. Similarly, novel bacterial strains capable of degrading polymers have been investigated. In contrast, relatively few studies have been conducted to establish natural rubber (NR) degrading bacterial consortia based on metagenomics, considering process optimization, cost effective approaches and larger scale experiments seeking practical and realistic applications. In light of the obstacles encountered during the constructing NR-degrading consortia, this study proposes the utilization of multi-omics tools to discern the underlying mechanisms and metabolites of rubber degradation, as well as associated enzymes and effective synthesized microbial consortia. In addition, the utilization of omics tool-based methods is suggested as a primary research direction for the development of synthesized microbial consortia in the future
Bounds to electron spin qubit variability for scalable CMOS architectures
Spins of electrons in CMOS quantum dots combine exquisite quantum properties
and scalable fabrication. In the age of quantum technology, however, the
metrics that crowned Si/SiO2 as the microelectronics standard need to be
reassessed with respect to their impact upon qubit performance. We chart the
spin qubit variability due to the unavoidable atomic-scale roughness of the
Si/SiO interface, compiling experiments in 12 devices, and developing
theoretical tools to analyse these results. Atomistic tight binding and path
integral Monte Carlo methods are adapted for describing fluctuations in devices
with millions of atoms by directly analysing their wavefunctions and electron
paths instead of their energy spectra. We correlate the effect of roughness
with the variability in qubit position, deformation, valley splitting, valley
phase, spin-orbit coupling and exchange coupling. These variabilities are found
to be bounded and lie within the tolerances for scalable architectures for
quantum computing as long as robust control methods are incorporated.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figure
High-fidelity spin qubit operation and algorithmic initialization above 1 K
The encoding of qubits in semiconductor spin carriers has been recognized as a promising approach to a commercial quantum computer that can be lithographically produced and integrated at scale. However, the operation of the large number of qubits required for advantageous quantum applications will produce a thermal load exceeding the available cooling power of cryostats at millikelvin temperatures. As the scale-up accelerates, it becomes imperative to establish fault-tolerant operation above 1 K, at which the cooling power is orders of magnitude higher. Here we tune up and operate spin qubits in silicon above 1 K, with fidelities in the range required for fault-tolerant operations at these temperatures. We design an algorithmic initialization protocol to prepare a pure two-qubit state even when the thermal energy is substantially above the qubit energies and incorporate radiofrequency readout to achieve fidelities up to 99.34% for both readout and initialization. We also demonstrate single-qubit Clifford gate fidelities up to 99.85% and a two-qubit gate fidelity of 98.92%. These advances overcome the fundamental limitation that the thermal energy must be well below the qubit energies for the high-fidelity operation to be possible, surmounting a main obstacle in the pathway to scalable and fault-tolerant quantum computation
High-fidelity operation and algorithmic initialisation of spin qubits above one kelvin
The encoding of qubits in semiconductor spin carriers has been recognised as
a promising approach to a commercial quantum computer that can be
lithographically produced and integrated at scale. However, the operation of
the large number of qubits required for advantageous quantum applications will
produce a thermal load exceeding the available cooling power of cryostats at
millikelvin temperatures. As the scale-up accelerates, it becomes imperative to
establish fault-tolerant operation above 1 kelvin, where the cooling power is
orders of magnitude higher. Here, we tune up and operate spin qubits in silicon
above 1 kelvin, with fidelities in the range required for fault-tolerant
operation at such temperatures. We design an algorithmic initialisation
protocol to prepare a pure two-qubit state even when the thermal energy is
substantially above the qubit energies, and incorporate high-fidelity
radio-frequency readout to achieve an initialisation fidelity of 99.34 per
cent. Importantly, we demonstrate a single-qubit Clifford gate fidelity of
99.85 per cent, and a two-qubit gate fidelity of 98.92 per cent. These advances
overcome the fundamental limitation that the thermal energy must be well below
the qubit energies for high-fidelity operation to be possible, surmounting a
major obstacle in the pathway to scalable and fault-tolerant quantum
computation
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