steve bAccumulation of nerve growth factor and its receptors in the uterus and dorsal root ganglia in a mouse model of adenomyosis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Adenomyosis is a common gynecological disease, which is accompanied by a series of immunological and neuroendocrinological changes. Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a critical role in producing pain, neural plasticity, immunocyte aggregation and release of inflammatory factors. This study aimed to investigate the expression of NGF and its two receptors in uteri and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in an adenomyosis mouse model, as well as their relationship with the severity of adenomyosis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Forty newborn ICR mice were randomly divided into the adenomyosis model group and control group (n = 20 in each group). Mice in the adenomyosis model group were orally dosed with 2.7 μmol/kg tamoxifen on days 2-5 after birth. Experiments were conducted to identify the expression of NGF- beta and its receptors, tyrosine kinase receptor (trkA) and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), in the uterus and DRG in four age groups (90+/-5 d, 140+/-5 d, 190+/-5 d and 240+/-5 d; n = 5 mice in each group) by western bolt, immunochemistry and real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Adenomyosis, which became more serious as age increased, was successfully induced in dosed ICR mice. NGF-beta, trkA and p75NTR protein levels in the uterus and trkA mRNA levels in DRG were higher in the older aged adenomyosis model group than those in controls (190+/-5 d and 240+/-5 d groups, P < 0.05). The expression of NGF-beta and its receptors in the uterus increased gradually as age increased for adenomyosis mice (190+/-5 d and 240+/-5 d, P < 0.05, compared with 90+/-5 d) but it showed little change in control mice. The mRNA level of trkA in DRG also increased as age increased in the adenomyosis model group (190+/-5 d and 240+/-5 d, P < 0.05, compared with 90+/-5 d) but was unchanged in controls. The mRNA level of p75NTR in DRG was not different between the adenomyosis and control groups and was stable from young to old mice.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>NGF- beta can be used as an indicator for the severity of adenomyosis. The gradually increasing level of NGF- beta and its receptors while the disease becomes more severe suggests an effect of NGF- beta on pathogenic mechanisms of adenomyosis.</p

Ethyl 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxyl­ate

The non-H atoms of the title compound, C9H13NO2, are almost coplanar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0358 Å). Weak inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into zigzag chains along the b axis with graph-set motif C(5). The chains are further linked into a three-dimensional network by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions

得气客观化研究的思路和展望

The distinctions and relations between Deqi and acupuncture sensation should be distinguished in the objective researches of Deqi. In order to fully explore the relationship among the acupuncture sensation, Deqi and acupuncture curative effect, it is necessary to contrast the curative effect and body response induced by Deqi, unique sensations experienced by the acupunturist, unique sensations experienced by the patient, and stimulation without acupuncture sensation. Strategies and prospects about Deqi research are proposed as follows: (1) Researches of Deqi, such as how to induce Deqi, the influence factors of Deqi, the biological mechanism of Deqi, and so on, should be aimed at good stability of acupuncture curative effect, thus providing scientific evidence for clinical practice. (2) It is essential to introduce objective unified standards to evaluate the curative effect of acupuncture. However, the objective indicator selected in the researches should reflect the correlation between acupuncture curative effect and itself. (3)The acupuncturist manipulation, the physiological and psychological state of the patient, and the environmental factors are all the important factors that affect acupuncture, should be identified in the scientific and clinical research about the scientific research results, the clinical curative effect. should be identified in the scientific and clinical research about the scientific research results, the clinical curative effect,should be identified in scientific research result and the clinical curative effect (4) Some characteristics of the acupuncture treatment in traditional Chinese medicine theory can be used as the emphasis in the objective research of Deqi in the future. Characteristics of acupuncture, such as governing and regulating the spirit, acupuncture points, meridian specificity, distal function, bi-direction regulation function and so on, can be used as the entry point in the objective research of Deqi in the future.得气的客观化研究中应明确得气与针感的区别及联系，有必要将得气针刺（医者、患者针感均出现）、仅出现医者针感的针刺、仅出现患者针感的针刺、无针感刺激下的疗效及机体反应进行对比，以期全面探讨针感、得气及针刺疗效之间的关系。提出得气研究的策略和前景如下：（1）关于得气的研究，例如如何促使得气，有哪些因素影响得气，以及揭示得气的生物学机制等，应以良好稳定的针刺疗效为目的，从而为临床提供证据和科学依据。（2）需对针刺疗效进行评价，并引入相对客观统一的针刺疗效评价标准，研究所选取的反应得气的客观指标应当体现出其与针刺疗效之间的相关性。（3）医者针刺手法、患者生理及心理状态、环境因素是影响针刺得气的重要因素，科研及临床中应辨明这些因素对于科研结果、临床疗效的影响。（4）传统中医理论中针刺治疗的一些特性可作为今后得气客观化研究的重点，治神调神，腧穴、经络特异性，远治作用，双向良性调整作用等针刺疗法的特点可作为今后得气研究的切入点

FXR1P but not FMRP regulates the levels of mammalian brain-specific microRNA-9 and microRNA-124

Mammalian brain-specific miR-9 and miR-124 have been implicated in several aspects of neuronal development and function. However, it is not known how their expression levels are regulated in vivo. We found that the levels of miR-9 and miR-124 are regulated by FXR1P but not by the loss of FXR2P or FMRP in vivo, a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Surprisingly, the levels of miR-9 and miR-124 are elevated in fmr1/fxr2 double-knock-out mice, in part reflecting posttranscriptional upregulation of FXR1P. Indeed, FXR1P is required for efficient processing of pre-miR-9 and pre-miR-124 in vitro and forms a complex with Dicer and pre-miRNAs. These findings reveal differential roles of FMRP family proteins in controlling the expression levels of brain-specific miRNAs

Ethyl 3,4-dimethyl-5-[(E)-(phenyl­imino)­meth­yl]-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C16H18N2O2, the mol­ecule adopts an E conformation about the C=N double bond. The dihedral angle between the pyrrole and phenyl rings is 41.55 (8)°. In the crystal structure, pairs of inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers. In the dimer, the two pyrrole rings are almost coplanar and the two phenyl rings are parallel to each other

Ranking Enhanced Dialogue Generation

How to effectively utilize the dialogue history is a crucial problem in multi-turn dialogue generation. Previous works usually employ various neural network architectures (e.g., recurrent neural networks, attention mechanisms, and hierarchical structures) to model the history. However, a recent empirical study by Sankar et al. has shown that these architectures lack the ability of understanding and modeling the dynamics of the dialogue history. For example, the widely used architectures are insensitive to perturbations of the dialogue history, such as words shuffling, utterances missing, and utterances reordering. To tackle this problem, we propose a Ranking Enhanced Dialogue generation framework in this paper. Despite the traditional representation encoder and response generation modules, an additional ranking module is introduced to model the ranking relation between the former utterance and consecutive utterances. Specifically, the former utterance and consecutive utterances are treated as query and corresponding documents, and both local and global ranking losses are designed in the learning process. In this way, the dynamics in the dialogue history can be explicitly captured. To evaluate our proposed models, we conduct extensive experiments on three public datasets, i.e., bAbI, PersonaChat, and JDC. Experimental results show that our models produce better responses in terms of both quantitative measures and human judgments, as compared with the state-of-the-art dialogue generation models. Furthermore, we give some detailed experimental analysis to show where and how the improvements come from.Comment: Accepted at CIKM 202

Stellar Atmospheric Parameters for Cool Dwarfs in Gaia DR3

We provide a catalogue of atmospheric parameters for 1,806,921 cool dwarfs from Gaia DR3 which lie within the range covered by LAMOST cool dwarf spectroscopic parameters: 3200 K < T_{eff}< 4300 K, -0.8 < [M/H] < 0.2 dex, and 4.5 <log{g} < 5.5 dex. Our values are derived based on Machine Learning models trained with multi-band photometry corrected for dust. The photometric data comprises of optical from SDSS r, i, z bands, near-infrared from 2MASS J, H, K and mid-infrared from ALLWISE W1, W2. We used both random forest and LightGBM machine learning models and found similar results from both with an error dispersion of 68 K, 0.22 dex, and 0.05 dex for T_{eff}, [M/H], and log {g}, respectively. Assessment of the relative feature importance of different photometric colors indicated W1 -- W2 as most sensitive to both T_{eff} and log{g}, with J -- H most sensitive to [M/H]. We find that our values show a good agreement with APOGEE, but are significantly different to those provided as part of Gaia DR3.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted by ApJ