Depolymerization of ODPA/ODA Polyimide in a Fused Silica Capillary Reactor and Batch Autoclave Reactor from 320 to 350 °C in Hot Compressed Water

Depolymerization of polyimide synthesized from 4,4′-oxidiphthalic anhydride and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether monomers (ODPA/ODA PI) in hot compressed water was carried out in a fused silica capillary reactor (FSCR) and batch autoclave reactor system. The phase behavior of ODPA/ODA PI in water during the heating, reaction, and cooling stages of the process in FSCR was observed with an image recording system from under the microscope. The effects of temperature (320–350 °C) and reaction time (30–90 min) on the depolymerization yield and products yields in batch autoclave reactor were investigated at a fixed H₂O/PI ratio, and optimal conditions were established. Additionally, an understanding of the reaction pathway of ODPA/ODA PI depolymerization in hot compressed water was developed

Relationship between plasma trans-fatty acid isomer concentrations and self-reported cardiovascular disease risk in US adults

<p>The effect of different individual TFA isomers on cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been a limited study, especially for stroke. We aimed to investigate the relationships between four major plasma TFA isomer (elaidic, vaccenic, palmitelaidic and linolelaidic acid) concentrations and the risk of CVD, stroke and non-stroke CVD. A cross-sectional study was conducted, utilising a nationally representative sample of US adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Among the 3504 participants, 304 participants self-reported CVD history. The highest quintile of elaidic acid intake was associated with a 233% higher CVD risk (<i>p</i> = .010). Adjusted for age, gender and race, palmitelaidic acid was associated with a decreased CVD risk, but the effect size was diminished in a subsequent analysis model. For stroke risk, we failed to identify any associations. In addition to elaidic acid, the health effect of palmitelaidic acid should be paid more attention in the future studies.</p

Serum zinc concentration (µmol/L) of maternal mice given different assigned diets during pregnancy (A) and their 6-week-old offspring (B).

<p>Serum zinc concentrations measurements were carried out on an Agilent 7700x ICP-MS. The data are expressed as mean ± S.D. ZD: pups from the zinc deficiency group; ZS: pups from the zinc supplemented group.</p

Effect of gestational zinc deficiency on T cell proliferation.

<p>Splenocytes from each group were obtained on day 14 after the third HBV vaccination and analyzed for the HBsAg-specific T cell proliferative response, as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0073461#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a> and expressed as SI. The final concentration in the 96-well plate for ConA, BSA and recombinant HBsAg was 2.5, 30 and 20 µg/ml, respectively. The data are expressed as mean ± S.D. of 3 animals in the proliferative assay from one representative experiment. Each experiment was performed 3 times. ZD: pups from the zinc deficiency group; ZS: pups from the zinc supplemented group.</p

CD3⁺ T cell population and its CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T subpopulations.

<p>Total splenocytes were counted after removal of red blood cells and stained for T cell population (CD3⁺), CD4⁺ T cells, and CD8⁺ T cells on day 14 after the third HBV vaccination. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis. The data above show the numbers and percentages of T cells. ZD: pups from the zinc deficiency group; ZS: pups from the zinc supplemented group.</p>*<p><i>P</i><0.05 compared with control.</p

Immune cell populations in the spleen of offspring mice whose mothers received different assigned diets.

<p>Total splenocytes were counted after removal of red blood cells and stained for T cells (CD3⁺) and B cells (CD19⁺) on day 14 after the third HBV vaccination. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis. The number of T cells and B cells in spleen of the pups was counted. ZD: pups from the zinc deficiency group; ZS: pups from the zinc supplemented group.</p>*<p><i>P</i><0.05 compared with control.</p

Effect of gestational zinc deficiency on HBsAg-specific cytokine expressions in T cell subsets.

<p>Splenocytes isolated from the spleen of offspring BALB/c mice on day 14 after the third HBV vaccination were re-stimulated with recombinant HBsAg. Intracellular staining for IFN-γ, IL-4 in CD4⁺ T cells and IFN-γ in CD8⁺ T cells was performed. The summaries of percentage of IFN-γ in total CD4⁺ (A), IL-4 in total CD4⁺ (B) and IFN-γ in total CD8⁺ T cells (C) are shown (D). The data are expressed as mean ± S.D. of 5 animals in the intracellular cytokine staining assay from one representative experiment. ZD: pups from the zinc deficiency group; ZS: pups from the zinc supplemented group.</p

Ratio of thymus or spleen to body weight in the offspring mice whose mothers received different assigned diets during pregnancy.

<p>The weight of thymus and spleen were recorded after the offspring were sacrificed. ZD: pups from the zinc deficiency group; ZS: pups from the zinc supplemented group.</p

The Expression of CD30 Based on Immunohistochemistry Predicts Inferior Outcome in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

<div><p>The prognostic value of CD30 expression indiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)remains controversial. Herein, we performed this retrospective study to investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of CD30 expression in patients with DLBCL.Among all the 146 patients, the expression of CD30 was observed in 23 cases (15.7%).The DLBCL patients with CD30 expression showed more likely to present B symptoms, bone marrow involvement, non-germinal centre B-cell-like (Non-GCB) DLBCL, BCL-2 and Ki-67overexpression(p<0.05). Patients with CD30 expression showed significantly poor overall and event-free survivalcompared with CD30 negative patients(p = 0.031 and 0.041, respectively), especially those with the high intermediate/high-risk international prognostic index (IPI)(p = 0.001 and 0.007, respectively). The prognostic value of CD30expression retained in DLBCL patients treated with eitherCHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine,prednisone) or R-CHOP(rituximab+CHOP). The multivariate analysisrevealed that the expression of CD30 remained an unfavorable factor for both overall and event-free survival (p = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively).In conclusion, these data suggest that CD30 is expressed predominantly in Non-GCBDLBCL. The expression of CD30 implied poor outcomein DLBCL patientstreated with either CHOP or R-CHOP, especially those with the high intermediate/high-risk IPI, possibly indicating that anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody could be of clinical interest.</p></div

Effect of gestational zinc deficiency on the secretion of cytokines.

<p>Splenocytes isolated from the spleen of offspring BALB/c mice on day 14 after the third HBV vaccination were stimulated with recombinant HBsAg for 72 h. Culture supernatants were harvested, and the production of IFN-γ (A) and IL-4 (B) was detected by ELISA. The data are expressed as mean ± S.D. for 5 animals in the enumeration of cytokines-secreting from one representative experiment. ZD: pups from the zinc deficiency group; ZS: pups from the zinc supplemented group.</p