La fécondité des hommes : niveaux, déterminants et dynamiques en contexte de mutations socio-économiques au Ghana, au Sénégal et en République démocratique du Congo

The study of fertility remains anchored around an idealised vision of the couple and the assumption that women's and men's reproductive plans, interests and behaviour are in line. This tends to obscure the singularities of male reproductive behaviour in African societies where men's aspirations, behaviours and fertility goals differ from those of women. This thesis examines male fertility in a context where social consideration and the affirmation of men's masculinity are partly based on the contours of their fertility and their ability to care for their families. It is based on the idea that the socio-economic changes observed in recent decades are delaying fatherhood. They slow down the expansion of men's families and do not allow them to reach the ideal number of children they wish to have. By placing the male component of fertility in the context of family dynamics in African cities, the thesis aims to analyze the levels, determinants and dynamics of male fertility in contrasted societies. It uses a combination of biographical and cross-sectional quantitative approaches and qualitative approaches. Overall, while urban integration difficulties affect men's reproductive lives, the patterns and magnitude of fertility change vary according to the flexibility of social norms and practices in different societies.(POLS - Sciences politiques et sociales) -- UCL, 202

Disparities in modern contraception use among women in the Democratic Republic of Congo : a cross-sectional spatial analysis of provincial variations based on household survey data

This study investigates inequalities at the province level of the use of modern contraception and the proportion of short birth intervals among women in the DRC using data from the 2007 Demographic and Health Survey. Logistic regression and Bayesian geo-additive models were used. The posterior odds ratio and the associated 95% credible interval (95% CI) were estimated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques. Posterior spatial effects were mapped at the province level with the associated posterior probability maps showing statistical significance at 5%. The overall rates of modern contraception use among the entire sample of women (15–49 years old; N=7172) and youth (15–24 years old; N=1389) were 5.7% and 6.0% respectively. However, there was striking variation in contraceptive use between the two groups across provinces with a clear east-to-west gradient. The highest use in the total sample was in Nord-Kivu (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.12, 1.55) and Bas Congo provinces (1.47; 1.22, 1.78). For the youth, the highest use was observed in Nord-Kivu (1.19; 0.92, 1.65). In multivariate Bayesian geo-additive regression analyses among the entire sample of women, factors consistently associated with lower use of modern contraception were living in rural areas (0.71; 0.62, 0.82), living in low-income households (0.67; 0.54, 0.80) and having no education (0.83; 0.67, 0.97). For the youth sample, living in low-income households (0.57; 0.41, 0.84) and no breast-feeding (0.64; 0.47, 0.86) were consistently associated with a lower use of modern contraception. The study shows a distinct geographic pattern in the use of modern contraception in youth and the entire sample of women in the DRC, suggesting a potential role for socioeconomic factors, such as accessibility, affordability and availability, as well as environmental factors at the province level beyond individual-level risk factors