Diffusion and utilization of scientific and technological knowledge within state and local governments: Executive summary

The requirements for technology transfer among the state and local governments are analyzed. Topics discussed include: information systems, federal funding, delivery channels, state executive programs, and state legislature requirements for scientific information

Conversion of acetate to lipids and co2 by liver of rats exposed to acceleration stress

Acetate conversion to lipids and carbon dioxide by exposure of rat liver to acceleration stres

Global fluctuations and Gumbel statistics

We explain how the statistics of global observables in correlated systems can be related to extreme value problems and to Gumbel statistics. This relationship then naturally leads to the emergence of the generalized Gumbel distribution G_a(x), with a real index a, in the study of global fluctuations. To illustrate these findings, we introduce an exactly solvable nonequilibrium model describing an energy flux on a lattice, with local dissipation, in which the fluctuations of the global energy are precisely described by the generalized Gumbel distribution.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures; final version with minor change

Computer system for monitoring radiorepirometry data

System monitors expired breath patterns simultaneously from four small animals after they have been injected with carbon-14 substrates. It has revealed significant quantitative differences in oxidation patterns of glucose following such mild treatments of rats as a change in diet or environment

Random Time-Scale Invariant Diffusion and Transport Coefficients

Single particle tracking of mRNA molecules and lipid granules in living cells shows that the time averaged mean squared displacement $\overline{\delta^2}$ of individual particles remains a random variable while indicating that the particle motion is subdiffusive. We investigate this type of ergodicity breaking within the continuous time random walk model and show that $\overline{\delta^2}$ differs from the corresponding ensemble average. In particular we derive the distribution for the fluctuations of the random variable $\overline{\delta^2}$. Similarly we quantify the response to a constant external field, revealing a generalization of the Einstein relation. Consequences for the interpretation of single molecule tracking data are discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures.Article accompanied by a PRL Viewpoint in Physics1, 8 (2008

Dissipation scales and anomalous sinks in steady two-dimensional turbulence

In previous papers I have argued that the \emph{fusion rules hypothesis}, which was originally introduced by L'vov and Procaccia in the context of the problem of three-dimensional turbulence, can be used to gain a deeper insight in understanding the enstrophy cascade and inverse energy cascade of two-dimensional turbulence. In the present paper we show that the fusion rules hypothesis, combined with \emph{non-perturbative locality}, itself a consequence of the fusion rules hypothesis, dictates the location of the boundary separating the inertial range from the dissipation range. In so doing, the hypothesis that there may be an anomalous enstrophy sink at small scales and an anomalous energy sink at large scales emerges as a consequence of the fusion rules hypothesis. More broadly, we illustrate the significance of viewing inertial ranges as multi-dimensional regions where the fully unfused generalized structure functions of the velocity field are self-similar, by considering, in this paper, the simplified projection of such regions in a two-dimensional space, involving a small scale $r$ and a large scale $R$, which we call, in this paper, the $(r, R)$-plane. We see, for example, that the logarithmic correction in the enstrophy cascade, under standard molecular dissipation, plays an essential role in inflating the inertial range in the $(r, R)$ plane to ensure the possibility of local interactions. We have also seen that increasingly higher orders of hyperdiffusion at large scales or hypodiffusion at small scales make the predicted sink anomalies more resilient to possible violations of the fusion rules hypothesis.Comment: 22 pages, resubmitted to Phys. Rev.