Is the 6-minute pegboard and ring test valid to evaluate upper limb function in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of COPD?

Rosimeire Marcos Felisberto,1 Cassia Fabiane de Barros,1 Kelly Cristina Albanezi Nucci,1 Andre Luis Pereira de Albuquerque,1 Elaine Paulin,2 Christina May Moran de Brito,1 Wellington Pereira Yamaguti1 1Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; 2Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil Background: The 6-minute pegboard and ring test (6-PBRT) is a useful test for assessing the functional capacity of upper limbs in patients with stable COPD. Although 6-PBRT has been validated in stable patients, the possibility of a high floor effect could compromise the validity of the test in the hospital setting. The aim of this study was to verify the convergent validity of 6-PBRT in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Patients who were hospitalized due to AECOPD and healthy elderly participants, voluntarily recruited from the community, were considered for inclusion. All participants underwent a 6-PBRT. Isokinetic evaluation to measure the strength and endurance of elbow flexors and extensors, handgrip strength (HGS), spirometry testing, the modified Pulmonary Functional Status Dyspnea Questionnaire (PFSDQ-M), the COPD assessment test (CAT), and symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue were all measured as comparisons for convergent validity. Good convergent validity was considered if >75% of these hypotheses could be confirmed (correlation coefficient>0.50). Results: A total of 17 patients with AECOPD (70.9±5.1 years and forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] of 41.8%±17.9% of predicted) and 11 healthy elderly subjects were included. The HGS showed a significant strong correlation with 6-PBRT performance (r=0.70; p=0.002). The performance in 6-PBRT presented a significant moderate correlation with elbow flexor torque peak (r=0.52; p=0.03) and elbow extensor torque peak (r=0.61; p=0.01). The total muscular work of the 15 isokinetic contractions of the elbow flexor and extensor muscles showed a significant moderate correlation with the performance in 6-PBRT (r=0.59; p=0.01 and r=0.57; p=0.02, respectively). Concerning the endurance of elbow flexors and extensors, there was a significant moderate correlation with 6-PBRT performance (r=-0.50; p=0.04 and r=-0.51; p=0.03, respectively). In relation to the upper-extremity physical activities of daily living (ADLs) assessed by means of PFSDQ-M, there was a significant moderate correlation of 6-PBRT with three domains: influence of dyspnea on ADLs (r=-0.66; p<0.001), influence of fatigue on ADLs (r=-0.60; p=0.01), and change in ADLs in relation to the period before the disease onset (r=-0.51; p=0.03). The CAT was also correlated with 6-PBRT (r=-0.51; p=0.03). Finally, the performance in 6-PBRT showed a significant moderate correlation with the increase in dyspnea (r=-0.63; p=0.01) and a strong correlation with the increase in fatigue of upper limbs (r=-0.76; p<0.001) in patients with AECOPD. Convergent validity was considered adequate, since 81% from 16 predefined hypotheses were confirmed. There was no correlation between 6-PBRT and patients’ height. The performance in 6-PBRT was worse in patients with AECOPD compared to healthy elderly individuals (248.7±63.0 vs 361.6±49.9 number of moved rings; p<0.001). Conclusion: The 6-PBRT is valid for the evaluation of functional capacity of upper limbs in hospitalized patients with AECOPD. Keywords: COPD, exacerbation, skeletal muscle, physical activity, exercise capacit

Avaliação do cuidado à saúde da gestante no contexto do Programa Saúde da Família Evaluation of the care to the pregnant woman's health in the context of the Family Health Program

A avaliação em sistemas e serviços de saúde vem sendo evidenciada em diversos momentos da discussão das políticas de saúde e práticas em serviços. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os cuidados primários em saúde prestados às gestantes pelo Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) no município de Teixeiras (MG). De acordo com as proposições de Donabedian (1990), que relaciona as dimensões de estrutura, processo e resultado, utilizou-se um sistema de escores específicos para análise de tais dimensões e seus respectivos atributos, classificando o município nos cenários incipiente, intermediário e avançado se obtivesse entre 0,0 e 33,3%; 33,4 e 66,6%; 66,7 e 100,00%, respectivamente. As dimensões, na síntese, resultaram em um cenário intermediário (52,2%) para o PSF, caracterizado por uma atenção à saúde da gestante fragmentada, mas que possui alguns avanços na organização da atenção para este grupo. Apesar de tais avanços na implantação do PSF, o cenário encontrado revela que o programa ainda apresenta fortes marcas características do modelo hegemônico centrado nos procedimentos e na atenção biomédica.<br>The importance of health systems and services evaluation has been evidenced in several discussions on policies for health and practices in services. Thus, this study was carried out to analyze the primary care to the pregnant women by the Family Health Program (PSF) in the municipality of Teixeiras, Minas Gerais State. According to the propositions by Donabedian (1990) who relates the dimensions of structure, process and result, a specific score system was used to analyze these dimensions and their respective attributes, classifying the program into the incipient, intermediate and advanced sceneries, if the following were obtained: from 0.0 to 33.3%, 33.4% to 66.6, 66.7, and 100.00%, respectively. In summary, such dimensions resulted into a intermediate scenery (52.2%) for PSF characterized by an attention to the fragmented pregnant woman's health, although presenting some progresses concerning the organization of attention toward this group. Although progresses in implantation of PSF, the scenario reveals the program still presents strong characteristic marks of the hegemonic model centered on procedures and biomedical attention

Dor e funcionalidade na atenção básica à saúde Pain and functionality in primary health care

A dor osteoarticular e a funcionalidade são elementos ligados à saúde dos indivíduos e, portanto, influenciam o modo de interação entre si e entre eles e o meio ambiente que os cerca. Contudo, não são muitos os estudos que levantam essas questões de saúde na população em geral, sobretudo quando aproximamos o olhar da atenção básica sobre elas. Este artigo tem o objetivo de fornecer dados iniciais sobre dor e funcionalidade nos indivíduos com queixa osteoarticular em uma população adscrita a uma unidade básica de saúde (UBS) e suscitar o debate sobre integralidade da atenção nesse serviço. O trabalho descritivo foi realizado na UBS (n1=64) e nos domicílios (n2=48), entre indivíduos a partir dos 20 anos de idade. Foi aplicado um instrumento de avaliação de funcionalidade e a Escala Visual Analógica de dor, e foram exploradas questões sociodemográficas. Com esses instrumentos, buscou-se avaliar o perfil dos indivíduos em relação ao seu grau de dor musculoesquelética, o grau de funcionalidade nas atividades da vida diária, idade e ocupação. Nos resultados, encontramos uma predominância do sexo feminino nos dois grupos, 84,37% e 81,25%, respectivamente. Quase metade das pessoas com dor musculoesquelética eram donas de casa, e a média de idade entre os grupos estava acima dos 55 anos.<br>Musculoskeletal pain and functionality are linked to the individual health and, thus, influence the mode of interaction between individuals and between them and the environment that surrounds them. However, there are not many studies that question such health issues concerning the population in general, especially when we look at these issues from the basic care point of view. The aim of this article is to present initial data on the subject of pain and functionality in individuals with musculoskeletal complaints enrolled in a primary care unit and prompt a discussion on how complete the services provided by these units are. This study was carried out in a primary care unit and various households, among subjects aging 20 years or older. A functionality assessment tool and a Visual Analogue Scale were applied, and social and demographic issues were also considered. By using these tools, it was made an attempt to evaluate the profile of individuals in association with their degree of musculoskeletal pain and the degree of functionality in the activities of their daily lives, ages and occupations. We found a predominance of women in both groups: 84.37% and 81.25%, respectively. Nearly half of all people with musculoskeletal pain were housewives, and the average age between groups was over 55

Técnica de incidente crítico e seu uso na Enfermagem: revisão integrativa da literatura

Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e SciELO no período de 2000 a 2010, com os objetivos de sintetizar o conhecimento produzido nas pesquisas em enfermagem que utilizaram a técnica de incidente crítico e identificar o uso e a aplicabilidade dessa técnica como referencial metodológico. Os achados perfizeram um total de dezessete artigos científicos e demonstraram que o Brasil se destacou com 76,5% de publicações. A análise e categorização, segundo os três elementos da técnica, ocorreram em 76,0% dos artigos. A categoria "análise de iatrogenias" provocadas pelos profissionais de saúde se destacou quanto à utilização da técnica de incidente crítico. A revisão integrativa possibilitou a construção de uma síntese do conhecimento científico sobre essa técnica, além de demonstrar sua ampla contribuição para a melhoria da assistência de enfermagem e de saúde