Análise comparativa das propriedades de óxidos transparentes condutores para aplicação em células solares de filmes finos de CdTe

Este trabalho compara as propriedades de diversos óxidos transparentes condutores para serem utilizadoscomo contatos frontais de células solares de filmes finos de CdTe. Os filmes foram depositados à temperaturaambiente, por pulverização catódica com rádio frequência, sem tratamento térmico posterior, com o objetivode reduzir o número de etapas do processo de fabricação. A relação resistência/transmitância foi avaliadaatravés de uma figura de mérito, de forma a propor os materiais candidatos a atuar como eletrodo frontal dacélula solar. Os óxidos investigados foram divididos em dois grupos: os de baixa resistividade e os de altaresistividade. Eletrodos fabricados com os diversos óxidos foram submetidos a testes de estabilidade térmicanas temperaturas de processamento da célula solar. Os resultados mostraram que os filmes de ZnO e Zn2SnO4são óxidos de alta resistividade ( 0,5 ï—.cm), enquanto que os de SnO2, In2O3, In2O3:Sn, Cd2SnO4 e ZnO:Alsão de baixa resistividade ( 5,0 x 10-3 ï—.cm) e alta transmitância ( 85%). Os filmes de In2O3:Sn e ZnO:Alapresentaram-se como as melhores opções para fabricação dos eletrodos, pois possuem resistividades na faixade 10-3--10-4 ï—.cm e transmitâncias entre 85-92%. No entanto, levando-se em consideração questões decusto e escassez associadas ao índio, filmes de ZnO:Al são os mais adequados para esta aplicação, pois alémde possuírem valores de condutividade e transmitância elevados, apresentaram elevada estabilidade térmicanas temperaturas de processamento da célula

Effects of 16 weeks of a physical exercise program on blood markers, functional autonomy and level of depression in elderly and old adults.

O objetivo foi analisar os efeitos de um programa de exerc?cio f?sico sobre marcadores sangu?neos, autonomia funcional e n?vel de depress?o. Um total de 112 sujeitos com doen?as metab?licas controladas por hipocolesterolemia e hipoglicemiantes distribu?dos em dois grupos participaram do estudo; grupo composto por 54 membros com idade m?dia de 62,11 anos e grupo controle (GC) com 58 indiv?duos com idade m?dia de 63,03 anos. Foi observado que a ur?ia, creatina e as vari?veis pot?ssio n?o apresentaram diferen?a interessante entre os dois momentos do estudo, enquanto TGP e s?dio obtiveram redu??es nos valores m?dios de 2,46 mg / dl e 10 mg / dl com grande efeito de ?p2 0,153, ?p2 0,43 e signific?ncia p <0,047 e p <0,039 ao comparar os dois momentos entre os grupos exerc?cio / controle. A qualidade da for?a entre os momentos pr? e p?s entre os grupos exerc?cio / controle mostrou um aumento de 2,53 kgf de pequeno efeito de ?p2,23 para o grupo exerc?cio, enquanto o controle reduziu. Tamb?m houve diferen?as entre o pr? e o p?s-treinamento nos indicadores de autonomia funcional dos grupos GC. O GE reduziu os n?veis de depress?o em rela??o ao GC. Concluiu-se que o treinamento f?sico realizado por 16 semanas foi eficaz na redu??o dos n?veis de s?dio, a vari?vel TGP, aumento dos n?veis de for?a dos membros superiores, al?m de favorecer a melhora da capacidade funcional e reduzir os n?veis de depress?o.The objective was to analyze the effects of a physical exercise program on blood markers, functional autonomy and level of depression. A total of 112 subjects with metabolic diseases controlled by hypocholesterolemia and hypoglycemics distributed in two groups participated in the study; group composed of 54 members with mean age of 62.11 years and control group (CG) with 58 individuals with a mean age of 63.03 years. It was observed that urea, creatine and potassium variables did not present an interesting difference between the two moments of the study, while TGP and sodium obtained reductions in mean values of 2.46 mg / dl and 10 mg / dl with a great effect of ?p2 0.153, ?p2 0.43 and significance p <0.047 and p <0.039 when comparing the two moments between the exercise / control groups. The quality of the force between the pre and post moments between the exercise / control groups showed an increase of 2.53 kgf of small effect of ?p2,23 for the exercise group, while the control reduced. There were also differences between pre and post-training in the functional autonomy indicators of the CG groups. The GE reduced the levels of depression compared to the CG. It was concluded that physical training performed for 16 weeks was effective in reducing sodium levels, the TGP variable, increased strength levels of the upper limbs, as well as improving functional capacity and reducing depression levels

Evaluation of Strength and Muscle Activation Indicators in Sticking Point Region of National-Level Paralympic Powerlifting Athletes

BACKGROUND The sticking region is considered an intervening factor in the performance of the bench press with high loads. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the strength indicators in the sticking point region in Powerlifting Paralympic athletes. METHODS Twelve Brazilian Powerlifting Paralympic athletes performed maximum isometric force (MIF), rate of force development (RFD), time at MIF, velocity, dynamic time in sticking, and surface electromyography in several distances from the bar to the chest. RESULTS For velocity, there was a difference between the pre-sticking and sticking region (1.98 ± 0.32 and 1.30 ± 0.43, p = 0.039) and dynamic time between the pre-sticking and the sticking region (0.40 ± 0.16 and 0.97 ± 0.37, p = 00.021). In static test for the MIF, differences were found between 5.0 cm and 15.0 cm (CI 95% 784; 1088; p = 0.010) and between 10.0 cm and 5.0 cm (CI 95% 527; 768; p < 0.001). Regarding the RFD, differences were found (CI 95% 938; 1240; p = 0.004) between 5.0 cm and 25.0 cm and between 10.0 cm and 25.0 cm (CI 95% 513; 732; p < 0.001). In relation to time, there were differences between 5.0 cm and 15.0 cm (CI 95% 0.330; 0.515; p < 0.001), 5.0 cm, and 25.0 cm (CI 95% 0.928; 1.345; p = 0.001), 10.0 cm and 15.0 cm (p < 0.05) and 15.0 cm and 25.0 cm (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the muscles in electromyography, although the triceps showed the highest muscle activation values. CONCLUSIONS The maximum isometric force, rate of force development, time, velocity, and dynamic time had lower values, especially in the initial and intermediate phases in the sticking region

Evaluation of the Post-Training Hypotensor Effect in Paralympic and Conventional Powerlifting

High blood pressure (HBP) has been associated with several complications and causes of death. The objective of the study was to analyze the hemodynamic responses in Paralympic bench press powerlifting (PP) and conventional powerlifting (CP) before and after training and up to 60 minutes (min) after training. Ten PP and 10 CP athletes performed five sets of five repetition maximal bench press exercises, and we evaluated systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure (SBP, DBP, and MBP, respectively), heart rate (HR), heart pressure product (HPP), and myocardial oxygen volume (MVO2). The SBP increased after training (p < 0.001), and there were differences in the post training and 30, 40, and 60 min later (p = 0.021), between 10 and 40 min after training (p = 0.031, η2p = 0.570), and between CP and PP (p =0.028, η2p = 0.570). In the MBP, there were differences between before and after (p = 0.016) and 40 min later (p = 0.040, η2p = 0.309). In the HR, there was a difference between before and after, and 5 and 10 min later (p = 0.002), and between after and 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min later (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.767). In HPP and MVO2, there were differences between before and after (p = 0.006), and between after and 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min later (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.816). In CP and PP, there is no risk of hemodynamic overload to athletes, considering the results of the HPP, and training promotes a moderate hypotensive effect, with blood pressure adaptation after and 60 min after exercise

Evaluating the Asymmetry of Muscle Activation and Strength in Paralympic Powerlifting Athletes

Background: Strength training is a complex task, as it requires a combination of many variables. In paralympic powerlifting (PP) asymmetries for the evaluation of activation, and static force indicators have been increasingly studied. Objective: To investigate the asymmetries in the strength and muscle activation indicators, before and after a training session of PP athletes. Methodology: Twelve elite athletes from the PP participated in the study, and asymmetry was evaluated through surface electromyography (sEMG) and static strength indicators. Evaluations were made before and after a protocol of five series of five repetitions (5 × 5), with 80% of 1-Maximum Repetition (1RM). Results: In the pectoral muscles, there were differences in the non-dominant limbs between the before and after in the sEMG. There were differences in the pectoralis muscle in the non-dominant limb between moments before (110.75 ± 59.52%) and after (130.53 ± 98.48%, p p p = 0.011) limbs. There was no difference in time to MIF. Conclusion: PP athletes showed small levels of asymmetry before and after training, and adaptation to training tends to promote fewer asymmetries

Evaluation of the Post-Training Hypotensor Effect in Paralympic and Conventional Powerlifting

High blood pressure (HBP) has been associated with several complications and causes of death. The objective of the study was to analyze the hemodynamic responses in Paralympic bench press powerlifting (PP) and conventional powerlifting (CP) before and after training and up to 60 minutes (min) after training. Ten PP and 10 CP athletes performed five sets of five repetition maximal bench press exercises, and we evaluated systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure (SBP, DBP, and MBP, respectively), heart rate (HR), heart pressure product (HPP), and myocardial oxygen volume (MVO2). The SBP increased after training (p p = 0.021), between 10 and 40 min after training (p = 0.031, η2p = 0.570), and between CP and PP (p =0.028, η2p = 0.570). In the MBP, there were differences between before and after (p = 0.016) and 40 min later (p = 0.040, η2p = 0.309). In the HR, there was a difference between before and after, and 5 and 10 min later (p = 0.002), and between after and 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min later (p 2p = 0.767). In HPP and MVO2, there were differences between before and after (p = 0.006), and between after and 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min later (p 2p = 0.816). In CP and PP, there is no risk of hemodynamic overload to athletes, considering the results of the HPP, and training promotes a moderate hypotensive effect, with blood pressure adaptation after and 60 min after exercise

Evaluation of Strength and Muscle Activation Indicators in Sticking Point Region of National-Level Paralympic Powerlifting Athletes

Background: The sticking region is considered an intervening factor in the performance of the bench press with high loads. Objective: To evaluate the strength indicators in the sticking point region in Powerlifting Paralympic athletes. Methods: Twelve Brazilian Powerlifting Paralympic athletes performed maximum isometric force (MIF), rate of force development (RFD), time at MIF, velocity, dynamic time in sticking, and surface electromyography in several distances from the bar to the chest. Results: For velocity, there was a difference between the pre-sticking and sticking region (1.98 ± 0.32 and 1.30 ± 0.43, p = 0.039) and dynamic time between the pre-sticking and the sticking region (0.40 ± 0.16 and 0.97 ± 0.37, p = 00.021). In static test for the MIF, differences were found between 5.0 cm and 15.0 cm (CI 95% 784; 1088; p = 0.010) and between 10.0 cm and 5.0 cm (CI 95% 527; 768; p &lt; 0.001). Regarding the RFD, differences were found (CI 95% 938; 1240; p = 0.004) between 5.0 cm and 25.0 cm and between 10.0 cm and 25.0 cm (CI 95% 513; 732; p &lt; 0.001). In relation to time, there were differences between 5.0 cm and 15.0 cm (CI 95% 0.330; 0.515; p &lt; 0.001), 5.0 cm, and 25.0 cm (CI 95% 0.928; 1.345; p = 0.001), 10.0 cm and 15.0 cm (p &lt; 0.05) and 15.0 cm and 25.0 cm (p &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the muscles in electromyography, although the triceps showed the highest muscle activation values. Conclusions: The maximum isometric force, rate of force development, time, velocity, and dynamic time had lower values, especially in the initial and intermediate phases in the sticking region

Effects of Resistance Training and Bowdichia virgilioides Hydroethanolic Extract on Oxidative Stress Markers in Rats Submitted to Peripheral Nerve Injury

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of the combination of resistance training (RT) and the hydroethanolic extract (EHE) of Bowdichia virgilioides as markers of oxidative stress (OS) in rats with peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Rats were allocated into six groups (n = 10): animals without interventions (C), animals with an exposed nerve but without injury, injured animals, trained and injured animals, injured animals that received EHE, and animals that received a combination of RT and EHE. RT comprised the climbing of stairs. EHE was orally administered (200 mg/kg) for 21 days after PNI induction. RT reduced the amount of lipoperoxidation in plasma (14.11%). EHE reduced lipoperoxidation in the plasma (20.72%) and the brain (41.36). RT associated with the extract simultaneously reduced lipoperoxidation in the plasma (34.23%), muscle (25.13%), and brain (43.98%). There was an increase in total sulhydrilyl levels (a) in the brain (33.33%) via RT; (b) in the brain (44.44%) and muscle (44.51%) using EHE; and (c) in the plasma (54.02%), brain (54.25%), and muscle using the combination of RT + EHE. These results suggest that RT associated with oral EHE results in a decrease in OS

Evaluation of the special judo fitness test, heart rate and lactate before and after training with restricted vision.

Objetivo: Avaliar o Special jud? Fitness Test (SJFT), a frequ?ncia card?aca (FC) e os n?veis de lactato (Lac) no desempenho dos atletas com e sem restri??o da vis?o antes e ap?s do treinamento restritivo da vis?o. Metodologia: Atrav?s do SJFT as vari?veis do ?ndice do teste, assim como verifica??o do desempenho dos atletas no treino e pos treino observando a freq??ncia card?aca atrav?s de um monitor card?aco RS 400- Polar e o n?vel de lactato, em dois momentos imediatamente ap?s o teste e 15` minutos p?s-teste com o judoca em posi??o passiva (repouso). A amostra foi composta por 30 atletas de Jud? com faixa et?ria de idade entre 18 a 30 anos, com experi?ncia m?nima de um ano de pratica da modalidade, todos do sexo masculino, onde a escolha se deu pelo fato de serem as categorias de idade mais concorrida atualmente no cen?rio competitivo. Resultados: Houveram diferen?as significativas no SJFT entre os testes com e sem restri??o de vis?o, na FC ap?s o teste, na avalia??o da FC ap?s 1 minuto, no Lac ap?s o teste, na avalia??o do Lac ap?s 15 minutos entre os grupos com restri??o de vis?o em todos os momentos, tanto com e sem restri??o de vis?o. Conclus?o: Os atletas com restri??o de vis?o tendem a apresentar uma adapta??o importante que indicou a melhor no teste com restri??o deste sentido.Objective: To evaluate the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT), heart rate (HR) and lactate (Lac) levels in the performance of athletes with and without restriction of vision before and after restrictive vision training. Methodology: Through the SJFT the variables of the test index, as well as verification of the performance of the athletes in the training and post-training observing the heart rate through a heart monitor RS 400- Polar and the level of lactate, in two moments immediately after the test and 15 minutes post-test with the judo in a passive position (rest). The sample consisted of 30 Judo athletes with ages ranging from 18 to 30 years, with a minimum of one year of practice of the modality, all male, where the choice was due to the fact that the categories were age currently in the competitive landscape. Results: There were significant differences in SJFT between the tests with and without visual restriction, HR after the test, HR evaluation after 1 minute, Lac after the test, Lac evaluation after 15 minutes between the groups with restriction of vision at all times, both with and without restriction of vision. Conclusion: Athletes with restricted eyesight tend to have an important adjustment that indicated the best in the restricted test of this sense