Factors Leading to Occupational Injuries and Illnesses among Hispanic Construction Workers in The United States: A Systematic Review

Background As the number of Hispanic migrants continues to increase in the United States, their representation in high risk jobs such as in the working industry is also on the rise. High rates of injuries and fatalities seem to disproportionately impact this minority group compared to construction workers from other racial groups. Some factors have been particularly involved in this trend without adequate addressed interventions from the U.S. government or construction employers. Objective The primary purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of research literature with regards to factors leading to occupational injuries and illnesses among Hispanic construction workers in the United States to better catalog the most common factors affecting this minority working population. Methods A literature search of the databases Global Health, Medline and PubMed was conducted. The author sought literature describing occupational factors or hazards among Hispanic construction workers in the U.S. Inclusion criteria included free full text and full text articles, studies conducted in the past 20 years, Hispanic or Latino construction workers in the United States as primarily studied population, reported occupational factors, and publications in English and Spanish. Exclusion criteria included articles without a full text, studies conducted more than 20 years ago, studies conducted in countries other than in the U.S., systematic reviews, and letters to the editor. Full texts were then reviewed by the author for applicability to the scope of the study, rejecting articles not meeting the inclusion criteria. Sixteen articles met all the criteria and were therefore included in this review. Results The most common reported factors or hazards were observed in seven articles including the lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) available for construction workers as well as fear of retaliation when demanding safe conditions. Other factors reported in 5 articles were the employers’ unsafe demands of productivity over safety, followed by no training in safety, and inadequate safety training reported in 4 articles. Conclusions Despite efforts by the U.S. government to reduce occupational injuries and fatalities among Hispanic construction workers, this specific minority group seems to experience unique risks while on the job. Results from this systematic review may contribute to the adoption of specific interventions and further research aimed at reducing occupational incidents and targeting regulatory and federal and state agencies, as well as employers, to better understand workplace hazards faced by Hispanic construction workers. The sharing of this information could result in a provision of healthier and safer work environments

Collider production of Electroweak resonances from photon-photon states

We estimate production cross sections for 2-body resonances of the Electroweak Symmetry Breaking sector (in $W_LW_L$ and $Z_LZ_L$ rescattering) from $\gamma\gamma$ scattering. We employ unitarized Higgs Effective Field Theory amplitudes previously computed coupling the two photon channel to the EWSBS. We work in the Effective Photon Approximation and examine both $e^-e^+$ collisions at energies of order 1-2 TeV (as relevant for future lepton machines) and $pp$ collisions at LHC energies. Dynamically generating a spin-0 resonance around 1.5 TeV (by appropriately choosing the parameters of the effective theory) we find that the differential cross section per unit $s$, $p_t^2$ is of order 0.01 fbarn/TeV$^4$ at the LHC. Injecting a spin-2 resonance around 2 TeV we find an additional factor 100 suppression for $p_t$ up to 200 GeV. The very small cross sections put these $\gamma\gamma$ processes, though very clean, out of reach of immediate future searches.Comment: 36 pages, 20 plot

Marketing mix y satisfacción del cliente externo de la empresa J Burger del distrito de Trujillo, 2022

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue Determinar la relación entre el marketing mix y la satisfacción del cliente externo de la empresa J Burger del Distrito de Trujillo, 2022, por lo cual se tuvo en cuenta los cuatro componentes del marketing mix , producto , precio , plaza , promoción lo cual se desarrolló en base a la población, muestra y métodos utilizados para proceder con la investigación del marketing mix y la satisfacción del cliente externo de la empresa J Burger, incluyendo su tipo, diseño, variable y operaciones. Herramientas utilizadas, así como procedimientos, métodos analíticos y aspectos éticos a distintas teorías y conocimientos, lo cual se llegó a una conclusión que si existe relación con base al coeficiente de Rho de Spearman se estableció un coeficiente de correlación de 0,977 lo que expresa una relación positiva perfecta entre las variables marketing mix y la satisfacción del cliente en la empresa J Burger del distrito de Trujillo, 2022. Por lo cual si hay un buen enfoque del marketing mix ayudara a mantener siempre la ventaja ante la competencia lo cual el cliente este satisfecho con el producto y servicio

Simultaneous EEG Monitoring During Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique that delivers weak electric currents through the scalp. This constant electric current induces shifts in neuronal membrane excitability, resulting in secondary changes in cortical activity. Although tDCS has most of its neuromodulatory effects on the underlying cortex, tDCS effects can also be observed in distant neural networks. Therefore, concomitant EEG monitoring of the effects of tDCS can provide valuable information on the mechanisms of tDCS. In addition, EEG findings can be an important surrogate marker for the effects of tDCS and thus can be used to optimize its parameters. This combined EEG-tDCS system can also be used for preventive treatment of neurological conditions characterized by abnormal peaks of cortical excitability, such as seizures. Such a system would be the basis of a non-invasive closed-loop device. In this article, we present a novel device that is capable of utilizing tDCS and EEG simultaneously. For that, we describe in a step-by-step fashion the main procedures of the application of this device using schematic figures, tables and video demonstrations. Additionally, we provide a literature review on clinical uses of tDCS and its cortical effects measured by EEG techniques

Influence of biofilms on the transport of colloids and contaminants through porous media

The main objective of this thesis was to investigate the influence of biofilms on colloid transport in model sediment columns, at changing fluid ionic conditions. Sandpacked columns and sandpacked microscopy flow cells were used to determine colloid transport. The artificial clay colloid laponite RD (LRD), and the biofilm forming bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa SG81 were used as model colloid and biofilm forming microorganism, respectively. Changing ionic conditions were simulated by using Ca2+ and Na+ based solutions as influents and then switching to very low ionic strength solutions. Colloid transport parameters as well as microbiological parameters were obtained using a combination of online optical detection methods and offline microbiological and biochemical analytical methods. In absence of biofilms, a sodium chloride concentration of 7 x 10−2 M caused complete retention of LRD within the sand columns. Although at 2000 mg L−1 LRD, massive aggregation was observed and clogging occurred, aggregation alone was not responsible for LRD retention at lower concentrations (i.e., 200 or 20 mg L−1). P. aeruginosa SG81 showed relatively low mobility at all ionic strengths tested and some (albeit reduced) mobility when introduced to the columns in 1 M NaCl, the highest concentration tested. In sterile columns, the presence of Na+ and Ca2+ ions in the influent followed by a low ionic strength solution did not cause LRD retention. The colloid was mobile with collision efficiencies from 0.05 to 0.08 (SE ≤ 20 %; n = 9). In the presence of biofilms and after Na+ exposure, no colloid retention occurred but in some cases altered or enhanced colloid transport was observed. Colloid collision efficiency after 3 weeks of biofilm growth was 0.03 (SE ≤ 10 %; n = 3). In contrast, after Ca2+ ions exposure, colloid retention increased with biofilm age. After 3 weeks, almost complete retention was observed with a collision efficiency of 0.9 (SE ≤ 20 %; n = 3). Similar observations were made in columns packed with material from slow sand filtration units. EPS analysis from Ca2+ treated columns, showed that colloid retention also increased with an increase in EPS content. Protein content was found to increase with time in relation to other EPS components and to be significantly correlated to colloid retention (0.999) at the established confidence level. These data reveal the complex interactions between biofilms, ions and colloid transport. Changes in the electrolyte composition of water percolating the subsurface can frequently occur as well as changes in the relative abundance of microbial biofilms. This has to be considered when modeling colloid transport through the subsurface