Resistance verification in Prunus selections to a mixture of thirteen Meloidogyne isolates and resistance mechanisms of a peach-almond hybrid to M. javanica

Treize isolats de #Meloidogyne originaires d'Espagne comprenant #M. incognita (six), #M. arenaria (six) et #M. javanica (trois) ont été utilisés pour vérifier le niveau de résistance de douze porte-greffe de #Prunus. La majorité de ces porte-greffe était constituée d'hybrides pêcher-amandier en cours de sélection. Lors d'un premier essai, les hybrides G X N Nos 3, 7, 14, 16 et Cachirulo, l'amandier D-3-5 et le pêcher Nemared ont montré différents niveaux de résistance à un mélange de douze isolats de #Meloidogyne. Le cv. Garrigues s'est révélé sensible. Un second essai a montré que les hybrides G X N Nos 2, 9 et le cv. Nemaguard sont hautement résistants à dix isolats de #Meloidogyne, encore que les amandiers D-3-5 et Moncayo, le pêcher GF-305 et l'hybride GF-677 se soient révélés sensibles. La pénétration des nématodes, ainsi que des bio-essais concernant le développement, ont indiqué qu'une réaction d'hypersensibilité est impliquée dans le mécanisme de résistance de G X N No 9 infesté par #M. javanica. Le nématode induit une réaction nécrotique dans le parenchyme cortical l'entourant, isolant ainsi le tissu mort par une barrière compacte formée de plusieurs couches de cellules dont les parois contiennent de la callose. Dans la descendance (F2) d'une population de plants de G X N, 92 % de ces derniers se sont montrés résistants. (Résumé d'auteur

Professional profile of workers in spanish fitness clubs

The goal of the present study was to delve into the knowledge of the socio demographic features of professionals in the Spanish fitness sector according to the main position performed within the organization. The sample included 1,662 professionals (average age=32.14; SD=6.80; 50.7 % males; 49.3 % females). To collect data an ad hoc-designed questionnaire was used. Results showed that gender, age and level of training turned out to be different depending on the position held. It may be concluded, for starters, that professionals in the Spanish fitness sector have ample experience in their profession and a training level adequate to the needs of their respective positions.El objetivo del presente estudio fue el de profundizar en el conocimiento de las características sociodemográficas de los profesionales del sector delfitness en Españaen función del puesto principal desempeñado dentro de la organización.La muestra estuvoformada por 1.662 profesionales(edad media=32,14; DT=6,80; 50,7 %hombres; 49,3 %mujeres). Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un cuestionariodiseñado ad hoc. Los resultados mostraron que el género, la edad, y el nivel de formación, resultabandiferentesen función del puesto ocupado. Como conclusión principal, se puede afirmar que los profesionales del sector del fitness español, presentaban una dilatada experienciaen la profesión y un nivel de formación adecuado a las necesidades desus respectivos puestos

NALP1 is a transcriptional target for cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) in myeloid leukaemia cells

NALP1 (also called DEFCAP, NAC, CARD7) has been shown to play a central role in the activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of pro-IL1β (pro-interleukin-1β). Previous studies showed that NALP1 is highly expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In the present study, we report that expression of NALP1 is absent from CD34+ haematopoietic blast cells, and its levels are upregulated upon differentiation of CD34+ cells into granulocytes and to a lesser extent into monocytes. In peripheral blood cells, the highest levels of NALP1 were observed in CD3+ (T-lymphocytes), CD15+ (granulocytes) and CD14+ (monocytes) cell populations. Notably, the expression of NALP1 was significantly increased in the bone marrow blast cell population of some patients with acute leukaemia, but not among tissue samples from thyroid and renal cancer. A search for consensus sites within the NALP1 promoter revealed a sequence for CREB (cAMP-response-element-binding protein) that was required for transcriptional activity. Moreover, treatment of TF1 myeloid leukaemia cells with protein kinase C and protein kinase A activators induced CREB phosphorylation and upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of NALP1. Conversely, ectopic expression of a dominant negative form of CREB in TF1 cells blocked the transcriptional activity of the NALP1 promoter and significantly reduced the expression of NALP1. Thus NALP1 is transcriptionally regulated by CREB in myeloid cells, a mechanism that may contribute to modulate the response of these cells to pro-inflammatory stimuli

Differences in conditions of employment between sport managers with and without degree in physical activity and sport sciences

Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias laborales existentes entre los gestores deportivoscon estudios universitarios relacionados con las Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte respecto a los que no tienen esta titulación. Material y métodos: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 268gestores que desarrollan su actividadprincipal en centros deportivosen España (=34,38 años; DT=6,68). Se segmentó la muestra en dos grupos: profesionales con titulación Universitariaen Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (n=104) y; profesionales que no poseíanesta titulación (n=164).Resultados:Los titulados universitarios son significativamente (p2.000 m2). Además,presentan una mayor intención de abandono de la empresa o del sector. Por el contrario, la formación no es un factor determinante en el género de los sujetos o en la cantidad de salario mensual percibido. Conclusiones:Para evitar el modelo de intrusismo desleal que incorpora a gestores deportivos poco cualificados y perjudica la imagen y derecho de los profesionales con titulación, se precisa de una adecuada regulación de favor del profesional con titulación de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporteen España que aglutine los mismos criterios.Esto ayudaría a las organizaciones deportivas a fidelizar a su personal con titulación universitaria en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte.ObjectiveAnalyze existing in bachelor ́s degree labor differences between managers with college sports related Sciences of Physical Activity and Sport compared to those without this degree. Methods:The sample composed by268 managers who carry out their main activity in sports centers in Spain(=34.38 years, SD=6.68). The sample was segmented into two groups: professional that are graduates in Sport Sciences Degree (n=104) and, professionals who did not have this degree (n=164). Results:Graduates are significantly (p2,000 m2). Also, they have a higher intention to leave the company or the working sector. On the contrary, education is not a determining factor in the gender of the subjects or in the monthly salary. Conclusions:In order to avoid the unfair professional intrusion model that incorporates low-skilled managers and damage the image and rights of managers with university degree, a proper regulation that gathers the same criteria of the professional qualifications of Sciences of Physical Activity and Sport in Spain is required. This would help to sports organizations to retain their staff with university degree in Sciences of Physical Activity and Sport

Induction of Nod2 in Myelomonocytic and Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Nuclear Factor-kB Activation

Nod2, a member of the Apaf1/Nod protein family, confers responsiveness to bacterial products and activates NF-kB, a ranscription factor that plays a central role in innate immunity. Recently, genetic variation in Nod2 has been associated with susceptibility to Crohn’s disease. Here, we report that expression of Nod2 is induced upon differentiation of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells into granulocyte or monocyte/macrophages. In peripheral blood cells, the highest levels of Nod2 were observed in CD14+ (monocytes), CD15+ (granulocytes), and CD40+/CD86+ (dendritic cells) cell populations. Notably, stimulation of myeloblastic and epithelial cells with bacterial lipopolysaccharide or TNF resulted in up-regulation of Nod2. A search for consensus sites within the Nod2 promoter revealed a NF-kB binding element that was required for transcriptional activity in response to TNF . Moreover, ectopic expression of p65 induced transactivation, whereas that of dominant-negative I B blocked the transcriptional activity of the Nod2 promoter. Upon stimulation with TNF or lipopolysaccharide, both p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kB were bound to the Nod2 promoter. Thus, Nod2 expression is enhanced by proinflammatory cytokines and bacterial components via NF-kB, a mechanism that may contribute to the amplification of the innate immune response and susceptibility to inflammatory disease

Imatinib inhibits proliferation of Ewing tumor cells mediated by the stem cell factor/KIT receptor pathway, and sensitizes cells to vincristine and doxorubicin-induced apoptosis

Purpose and Experimental Design: The stem cell factor/ KIT receptor loop may represent a novel target for molecular- based therapies of Ewing tumor. We analyzed the in vitro impact of KIT blockade by imatinib in Ewing tumor cell lines. Results: KIT expression was detected in 4 of 4 Ewing tumor cell lines and in 49 of 110 patient samples (44.5%) by immunohistochemistry and/or Western blot analysis. KIT expression was stronger in Ewing tumors showing EWSFLI1 nontype 1 fusions. Despite absence of c-kit mutations, constitutive and ligand-inducible phosphorylation of KIT was found in all tumor cell lines, indicating an active receptor. Treatment with KIT tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (0.5–20 M) induced down-regulation of KIT phosphorylation and dose response inhibition of cell proliferation (IC50, 12–15 M). However, imatinib administered alone at doses close to IC50 for growth inhibition (10 M) did not induce a significant increase in apoptosis. We then analyzed if blockade of KIT loop through imatinib (10 M) was able to increase the antitumor in vitro effect of doxorubicin (DXR)and vincristine (VCR), drugs usually used in Ewing tumor treatment. Addition of imatinib decreased in 15–20 and 15–36% of the proliferative rate of Ewing tumor cells exposed to DXR and VCR, respectively, and increased in 15 and 30% of the apoptotic rate of Ewing tumor cells exposed to the same drugs. Conclusions: Inhibition of Ewing tumor cell proliferation by imatinib is mediated through blockade of KIT receptor signaling. Inhibition of KIT increases sensitivity of these cells to DXR and VCR. This study supports a potential role for imatinib in the treatment of Ewing tumor

Cirugía derivativa más radioterapia intraoperatoria y externa en el carcinoma de páncreas localizado e irresecable

Presentamos una serie de 25 casos de carcinomas de páncreas localmente avanzados e irresecables, sin metástasis a distancia, tratados con cirugía derivativa, radioterapia intraoperatoria e irradiación externa: 18 tumores de cabeza (16 con ictericia obstructiva) y 7 de cuerpo. Se realizó derivación biliar en 18 y gastroyeyunostomía en 19. La mortalidad operatoria fue nula, con una morbilidad del 16%. A largo plazo se produjeron 3 hemorragias digestivas, 2 ictericias obstructivas, una colangitis y una obstrucción intestinal. Se obtuvo un 72% de control local de la enfermedad y todos los fallecidos por progresión tumoral desarrollaron metástasis hepáticas y/o peritoneales. Presentaban dolor pancreático 22 pacientes y 20 experimentaron remisión del mismo en una a 2 semanas. La analgesia fue definitiva en 12 y reapareció el dolor tardíamente en ocho. La supervivencia media fue de 9 meses (rango 4-24). La revisión de la literatura pone de manifiesto la indicación de la radioterapia externa tanto en el carcinoma de páncreas irresecable y no metastásico como en los resecados. La asociación de radioterapia intraoperatoria tiene, así mismo, un papel importante en cuanto a supervivencia, paliación del dolor y de la progresión local. El 5-fluorouracilo asociado al tratamiento radioterápico prolonga significativamente la supervivencia con una morbilidad razonable

Description of the exposure of the most-followed spanish instamom's children to social medias

There is evidence of the risk of overexposure of children on social networks by parents working as influencers. A cross-sectional study of the profiles of the sixteen most-followed Instamoms in Spain was carried out. An analysis of these profiles was performed over a full month (April 2022), three times a week, to describe the representation of influencers’ children in the posts shared by them, as well as their role in the Instamoms’ marketing. A total of 192 evaluations of the profiles were performed in the study period. The average number of children exposed by an Instamom was three, generally preschoolers and schoolchildren. The children appear in a context of the family home and accompanied by their mother. The type of advertising that accompanies the appearance of underage children is usually women or children’s clothing, but also food products, leisure, etc. Appearance of children in the posts had a statistically significant influence on followers measured by the number of likes. Results provided the identification of two Instamom clusters with differentiated behaviors in relation to appearance of children in posts. It is important to involve Social Pediatrics in the protection of the privacy and interests of children given the increase in sharenting. The authors believe that there are concerns about their explicit consent to public exposure from early childhood and about the medium and long-term effect that this may have on their future well-being

A hypoperfusion context may aid to interpret hyperlactatemia in sepsis-3 septic shock patients: a proof-of-concept study

__Background:__ Persistent hyperlactatemia is particularly difficult to interpret in septic shock. Besides hypoperfusion, adrenergic-driven lactate production and impaired lactate clearance are important contributors. However, clinical recognition of different sources of hyperlactatemia is unfortunately not a common practice and patients are treated with the same strategy despite the risk of over-resuscitation in some. Indeed, pursuing additional resuscitation in non-hypoperfusion-related cases might lead to the toxicity of fluid overload and vasoactive drugs. We hypothesized that two different clinical patterns can be recognized in septic shock patients through a multimodal perfusion monitoring. Hyperlactatemic patients with a hypoperfusion context probably represent a more severe acute circulatory dysfunction, and the absence of a hypoperfusion context is eventually associated with a good outcome. We performed a retrospective analysis of a database of septic shock patients with persistent hyperlactatemia after initial resuscitation. __Results:__ We defined hypoperfusion context by the presence of a ScvO2 < 70%, or a P(cv-a)CO2 ≥6 mmHg, or a CRT ≥4 s together with hyperlactatemia. Ninety patients were included, of whom seventy exhibited a hypoperfusion-related pattern and 20 did not. Although lactate values were comparable at baseline (4.8 ± 2.8 vs. 4.7 ± 3.7 mmol/L), patients with a hypoperfusion context exhibited a more severe circulatory dysfunction with higher vasopressor requirements, and a trend to longer mechanical ventilation days, ICU stay, and more rescue therapies. Only one of the 20 hyperlactatemic patients without a hypoperfusion context died (5%) compared to 11 of the 70 with hypoperfusion-related hyperlactatemia (16%). __Conclusions:__ Two different clinical patterns among hyperlactatemic septic shock patients may be identified according to hypoperfusion context. Patients with hyperlactatemia plus low ScvO2, or high P(cv-a)CO2, or high CRT values exhibited a more severe circulatory dysfunction. This provides a starting point to launch further prospective studies to confirm if this approach can lead to a more selective resuscitation strategy